| A | B |
|---|
| BATHOLITH | a very large igneous intrusion extending deep in the earth's crust. |
| GRANITE | rock formed from a batholith |
| PLUTON | a body of intrusive igneous rock exposed by erosion |
| LITHIFICATION | process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock |
| VISCOSITY | A physical property of a fluid that describes the fluid's resistance to flow. |
| STOCKS | A pluton similar to batholith shape but smaller are referred to as |
| BATHOLITH | Often dome shaped and exposed by later erosion |
| LOPOLITHS | Saucer-shaped intrusions as magma is forced between layers of sedimentary rock made from low silica magma that often forms gabbro |
| SILL | flat intrusion of igneous rock that forms between preexisting layers of rock which occur in parallel to the bedding of the other rocks that enclose them |
| DYKE or DIKE | magma that is forced through a fracture/ cracks in pre existing rocks, usually in sedimentary rocks, in vertical sheets. |
| LACCOLITHS | usually oval shaped and formed from high viscosity magma close to the surface |
| GABBRO | ny of several medium- or coarse-grained rocks that consist primarily of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene |
| FELDSPAR | an abundant rock-forming mineral typically occurring as colorless or pale-colored crystals and consisting of aluminosilicates of potassium, sodium, and calcium. |
| HORNBLENDE | common mineral in many types of igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is particularly abundant in gabbros, diorites, and amphibolite |
| MINERAL | A naturally occurring, inorganic solid, that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
| NATURALLY OCCURRING | Because minerals are formed by processes that occur in the natural world, they are said to be ___________. |
| Inorganic | Because minerals do not come from living things, they are said to be _____________. |
| CRYSTALS | A solid with flat sides that meet at sharp edges and corners is called a(n) _____________. |
| STREAK | the color of a mineral in powdered form; non-metallic minerals tend to be light; metallic minerals tend to be dark |
| MOH'S HARDNESS SCALE | scale ranking 10 minerals from softest to hardest; used in describing the hardness of minerals compared to others; |
| CLEAVAGE | the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces |
| LUSTER | the way the surface of a mineral reflects light |
| CRYSTAL | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again |
| 5 Characteristics of all Minerals | 1. Natural 2. Inorganic 3. Solid 4. Crystal Structure 5. Definite Chemical Composition |
| SILICATE | Minerals that contain silica and oxygen; makes up about 96% of the minerals found in Earth's crust. |
| ORE | A mineral that can be mined for a profit. |
| GEM /GEMSTONE | Valuable minerals prized for their rarity and beauty. |
| LUSTER | One of the ways to identify a mineral; The way a mineral reflects light; metallic or nonmetallic; Metallic is shiny (silver, gold, copper); Non-metallic can be dull, pearly, waxy, vitreous (calcite, gypsum, quartz, sulfur); The differences are caused by chemical composition. |
| TEXTURE | One of the ways to identify a mineral; describes how a mineral feels to the touch; used in COMBINATION WITH OTHER TESTS; might be described as smooth, ragged, greasy, glassy, soapy, rough; examples - flourite is smooth and talc is greasy |
