| A | B |
|---|
| Chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. |
| Cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| Creativity | the ability to produce new and valuable ideas |
| Crystallized intelligence | our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age. |
| Encoding | the process of getting information into the memory system |
| Fluid intelligence | your ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood |
| Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms |
| Intelligence | the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| Language | our spoken, written, or signed words, and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |
| Memory | the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information |
| Priming | activating, often unconsciously, associations in our mind, thus setting us up to perceive, remember, or respond to objects or events in certain ways |
| Recall | memory demonstrated by retrieving information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test |
| Recognition | memory demonstrated by identifying items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test |
| Relearning | memory demonstrated by time saved when learning material a second time. |
| Reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting |
| Retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory storage |
| Serial position effect | our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list |
| Storage | the process of retaining encoded information over time. |
| Validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to |
