| A | B |
|---|
| Renaissance | the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th–16th centuries. |
| Scientific Revolution | a drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. |
| Rebirth | meaning of the French word "Renaissance" |
| Humanism | thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine (religious) or supernatural matters |
| Secularism | the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions. |
| Individualism | the belief that individual humans are capable of great accomplishments. |
| Naturalism | a type of art that pays attention to very accurate and precise details, and portrays things as they are. |
| Italy | the birthplace of the Renaissance |
| Leonardo da Vinci | famous works were the Mona Lisa, Last Supper, Vitruvian Man |
| Donatello Bardi | famous works were the Bronze David, Penitent Magdalene, St. George |
| Raphael Sanzio da Urbino | famous works were the Madonna in the Meadow, Sistine Madonna, Transfiguration |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti | famous works were the Sistine Chapel, Creation of Adam, Marble David |
| Copernicus | Polish astronomer who developed the theory of heliocentrism |
| Galileo | Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician who invented the Galilean Telescope and discovered the 4 moons of Jupiter |
| Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who developed the three laws of planetary motion the |
| Isaac Newton | English physicist and mathematician who developedthree laws of motion, gravity, and modern physics |
| Andreas Vesalius | Belgian physician who advanced the study of human anatomy and biology |
| Giordano Bruno | Italian philosopher who theorized an infinite and populated universe with many worlds |
| Marcello Malpighi | Italian physician and biologist who developed the study of microscopic anatomy, physiology, and embryology |
| Sir Francis Bacon | encouraged others to experiment and make their own observations about nature, leading to the development of the Scientific Method |
