| A | B |
|---|
| Benjamin Whorf | hypothesis is that language controls the way an individual thinks about their world |
| BF Skinner | children learn language through observation, imitation, and reinforcement (conditioning) |
| Noam Chomsky | developed idea of “language acquisition device” (humans are born with the capacity to acquire and produce language) |
| Lewis Terman | Developed the Stanford-Binet Test (IQ test) in 1905 |
| Francis Galton | one of first to measure levels of intelligence; created concept of correlation and coined phrase “nature vs. nurture.” |
| Alfred Binet | Created first IQ test; Developed idea of mental age. |
| James Flynn | proved IQs have increased from generation to generation |
| David Weschler | Developed several assessments, including two widely-used intelligence scales, one for adults and one for children |
| Robert Sternberg | his triarchic theory of intelligence proposes that there are three distinct types of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical |
| Howard Gardner | well known for his eight intelligences; Therefore, he also views intelligence as multiple abilities. |
| Charles Spearman | believed we all have general intelligence, called a "g" factor and specific intelligence, called “s factor.” |
| Elizabeth Loftus | proved new information, suggestive information, misinformation can enter people's conscious awareness and cause a distortion in memory. |
| Wolfgang Kohler | developed the idea of "insight method": the sudden (“out of nowhere”) understanding of the relation between a problem and a solution. |
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | discovered the spacing effect and the forgetting curve |
| Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin | Three stages of a multi-store memory are Sensory memory, Short-term memory and Long-term memory; also called three-stage model |
| George A. Miller | recognized that the human mind can be understood using an information-processing model (encoding, storage, and retrieval) |
