| A | B |
|---|
| GENETICS | The scientific study of heredity. |
| HEREDITY | The process in which characteristics are passed from parents to offspring. |
| GREGOR MENDEL | Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity; the “Father of Genetics” |
| DNA | Long chains of molecules that make up chromosomes. |
| CHROMOSOME | The location where genetic information is stored within the nucleus of a cell. |
| GENE | A segment of DNA that has the code for a specific trait. |
| ALLELE | One of a pair of genes that controls a certain characteristic. |
| INHERITED TRAIT | A trait that an organism is born with that is obtained from parents or ancestors. |
| ACQUIRED TRAIT | A trait that an organism obtains during its lifetime through its environment. |
| PUNNETT SQUARE | A chart that is used to calculate the probability of an offspring’s combination of alleles. |
| GENOTYPE | The specific genetic makeup or “code” for an individual. (the Letters) |
| PHENOTYPE | The total physical appearance for an individual. |
| HETEROZYGOUS | Two paired alleles that are different from each other. |
| HOMOZYGOUS | Two paired alleles that are exactly the same. |
| DOMINANT | Represented by capital letters and will always show up if present. |
| RECESSIVE | Represented by lowercase letters and will only show up if paired together with a similar allele. |
