| A | B |
|---|
| ATOMS | SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER WITH PROPERTIES OF SINGLE ELEMENT |
| ELEMENT | PURE SUBSTANCE OF ONE TYPE OF ATOM |
| SUBATOMIC PARTICLES | PARTICFLES THAT MAKEUP AN ATOM |
| PROTONS | POSITIVE ATOMIC PARTICLE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM |
| NEUTRONS | NEUTRALLY CHARGED PARTICLE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM |
| ELECTRONS | NEGATIVE ATOMIC PARTICLES FOUND SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS |
| ATOMS | smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. |
| ELEMENT | PURE SUBSTANCE OF ONE KIND OF ATOM |
| NUCLEUS | center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons |
| PERIODIC LAW | properties of elements tend to repeat in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
| METALS | grouped on left side of periodic table; elements are shiny and conduct heat and electricity |
| NONMETALS | elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity; grouped on the right side of periodic table |
| METALLOIDS | elements that have properties of metals and nonmetals |
| ATOMIC MASS | weighted average mass of element's isotopes |
| MENDELEEV | father of periodic table: determined the relationship of elements to organize them into a table |
| physical change | no change in the chemical makeup of substance |
| physical change | changes between states of matter such as freezing and melting |
| metals | classification of elements such as zinc and copper |
| oxygen | Name of element with atomic number of 8 |
| metalloids | classification of elements such as boron and astatine |
| boron | Name of element with 5 protons |
| silver | Name of element with symbol of Ag |
| helium | Name of element with 2 electrons |
| nonmetals | classification of elements such as carbon and fluorine |
| chemical change | result of a reaction in which the chemical makeup of the substance changes |
| physical change | boiling liquid water changes to steam |
| protons | same as atomic number |
| electrons | atom has no charge, is neutral so number of protons equals number of ________ |
| element | A substance composed of a single kind of atom. |
| AMU | abbreviation for atomic mass unit |
| mass number | sum of protons and neutrons |
| isotopes | members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| atomic mass unit | a unit of mass for expressing masses of atoms |
| atomic mass | average weighted masses of all an element's isotopes |
| electrons | found in shells /orbits that surround nucleus of the atom |
| sublimation | process in which a solid gets converted directly in to gaseous state other than liquid |
| deposition | phase transition in which matter transitions directly from a gaseous state into a solid state without passing through an intermediate liquid phase |
| freezing | The process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. |
| condensation | The change of a gas or vapor to a liquid |
| vaporization | includes boiling and evaporation |
| melting | process by which a substance changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase |
| solid | state of matter characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable |
| liquid | sample of matter that conforms to the shape of a container in which it is held |
| gas | a form of matter that is neither solid nor liquid and can increase in size to fill any container |
| plasma | a state of matter where the gas phase is energized until atomic electrons are no longer associated with any particular atomic nucleus |
| evaporation | change of a liquid into a vapor at the surface of the liquid |
| vaporization | phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor |
| liquid | has a definite volume, it does not have a definite shape |
| amorphous solid | lacks the long-range order characteristic of a crystal |
| gas | a state of matter consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape |
| plasma | made up of positively charged ions and unbound electrons. |
| malleable | characteristic of substance that can be hammered into thin sheets |
| physical property | can be observed without changing identity of matter |
| chemical property | results in matters ability to change into a new (different substance |
| physical change | characteristics are changed without changing identity of substance |
| chemical change | characteristics are entirely changed forming a new substance |
| phases (states) of matter | The physical forms that matter can take, solid, liquid, gas, plasma. |
| phase change | The change of matter from one phase to another. Solid melting to a liquid, or liquid becoming a gas. It always involves a change in energy levels. |
| absolute zero | When particles completely stop moving. It cannot be achieved on earth because the center is molten (liquid rock). |
| matter | anything that has a mass and a volume and can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases. |
| amorphous solid | DO NOT have particles arranged in a regular repeating pattern. NO specific MP instead becomes softer when heated (unless reaches smoking/burn point). Example: plastics, rubber, glass, wax |
| fluid | A substance that can flow and therefore take the shape of its container. |
| chemistry | The study of matter and its changes. |
| vaporization | includes boiling and evaporation |
| chemical change | milk souring |
| physical property | color of paper |
| chemical property | ability of a substance to burn |
| physical change | cutting paper into pieces |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| viscosity | resistance of a fluid to change shape or movement |
| crystal | matter that is formed from an ordered arrangement of atoms |
| solution | homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent |
