| A | B |
|---|
| Hobbes (author of Leviathan) | Humans begin in “state of nature” and form governments for self-protection. |
| Locke (author of Two Treatises on Government) | People form governments for protection of natural rights (life, liberty, property). |
| Montesquieu (author of The Spirit of Laws) | Separation of powers |
| Rousseau (author of The Social Contract) | Government is contract between rulers and the people. |
| Voltaire | Religious toleration; separation of church and state. |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Heliocentric theory |
| Johannes Kepler | Laws of planetary motion |
| Isaac Newton | Law of gravity |
| William Harvey | Circulation of blood |
| Galileo Galilei | Used telescope to support heliocentric theory |
