| A | B |
| Oliver Cromwell | allowed Jews to return to France |
| Rhode Island | allowed Jews but w/ limited rights |
| Cuba and Phillippines | taken from Spain by Brits in 1763 |
| Bahamas | given to Brits in exch for Fla by Spain |
| Cuba | Ceded by Spain to US in 1819 |
| Napoleon | granted freedom to Jews |
| Empress Maria Theresa | forced yellow badges on Jews 1760 |
| Theodore Herzl | believed Jews should return to Israel |
| The Pale of Settlement | only region for Jews 18th-19th c. |
| Czar Alexander III | wanted Jews killed, converted or exiled |