| A | B |
|---|
| mastication | the process of chewing |
| incisors | Sharp front teeth that cut food |
| cuspids | Canines, have sharp points to tear food and have the longest root than any other teeth. |
| bicuspids | premolars for crushing |
| molars | Back teeth that grind food |
| SALIVARY GLANDS | glands of the mouth that produce a digestive secretion |
| PALATE | the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities |
| UVULA | a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate |
| PHARYNX | throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx |
| esophagus | muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| stomach | an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal |
| digestive enzymes | proteins found in digestive juices that act on food substances, causing them to break down into simpler compounds pepsin, hydrocloric acid |
| parietal cells | Cells found in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (for hydrolysis of ingested food) and gastric intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B-12). |
| alkaline mucus | coats the lining of the stomach |
| duodenum | first part of small intestines, most digestion takes place, chemicals released from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas |
| jejunum | Second part of the small intestine |
| ileum | Third part of the small intestine |
| villi | tiny, finger-like structures that protrude from the wall of the intestine |
| pancreas | located partially behind the stomach in the abdomen, and it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon |
| liver | organ that makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood |
| bile | A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles stored in gall bladder |
| gallbladder | a muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion |
| large intestine | the last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body |
| cecum | first part of the large intestine |
| ingestion | the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating) |
| digestion | the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body |
| absorption | the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion |
| excretion | the process by which wastes are removed from the body |
