| A | B |
|---|
| Thesis Statement | A statement that presents the overall purpose of a speech |
| Physical Presence | Includes the use of gestures, facial expressions and stance/posture, while avoiding nervous habits |
| Attention Getting Device | The first words of aspeech whose purpose is to make the audience want to listen |
| Audience Analysis | The process by which a speaker considers the needs and expectations of the audience that will be listening to a speech |
| Clincher | Ends your speech and makes a memorable final impression |
| Persuasive Speaking | Speaking that influences others to believe or think something, or to take action |
| Link | The statement in the introduction that comes between the attention-getter and the thesis statement and logically connects the two |
| Body | In a speech, the part containing the content and analysis that prove the thesis statement |
| Spatial pattern | A pattern of organization that arranges the elements on the basis of spatial or situational relationships |
| Stage Fright | The nervousness felt by a speaker or performer in front of an audience |
| Testimonial | A celebrity or expert endorsement of a message |
| Nonverbal communication | Facial expressions or body movements used to express attitudes or moods about a person, situation, or idea |
| Climactic pattern | A pattern of organization that arranges elements in order of importance |
| Pathos | The Greek word for feelings and emotions -- associated with Aristotle's emotional appeal |
| Organization | In a speech, a structure or form that enables an audience to follow along easily |
| Communication Barrier | Any obstacle (whether attitudinal, social, educational, cultural, or environmental) that gets in the way of effective communication |
| Analogy | An illustration in which characteristics of a familiar thing or idea are used to explain or describe characteristics of an unfamiliar thing or idea |
| Content | The information or topics presented in a work, a work's meaning or significance; what, as opposed to how, something is expressed |
| Passive Listening | A listening role in which the listener does not share in the responsibility for, or involve himself or herself in, the communication process |
| Active Listening | A listening role ini which the listener participates and shares in the communication process by guiding the speaker toward common interests |
| Problem-Solution Pattern | A pattern of organization that presents a problem and then provides possible solutions |
| Paraphrase | To repeat in one's own words |
| Evidence | Anything that establishes a fact or gives cause to believe something |
| Database | A collection of related information |
| Cause-Effect Pattern | A pattern of organization that arranges elements of an argument in a "this caused this" sequence |
| Vocal Quality | Includes the use of rate, pitch, volume, tone, and articulation/pronunciation |
| Ethos | the Greek word for character -- associated with Aristotle's personal (ethical) appeal |
| Preview Statement | In a speech, the statement at the end of the introduction that presents an overview of the major areas that will be discussed in the body |
| Narrative | A story or the telling of one |
| Logos | a Greek word for logic and reason associated with Aristotle's logical appeal |
| Message | That which is sent or said |
| Bias | An insufficiently grounded judgement in favor of or against someone or something |
| Transition | A word or phrase in a speech that connects one part of the speech to the next |
| Conclusion | Effectively summarizes the major points of speech and restates the thesis |
| Eye Contact | A device used by speakers that involves looking directly into listener's eyes to emphasize a point or show how strongly the speakers feel about something |
| Informative Speaking | Speaking that sheds light on a subject by sharing facts learned through experience, observation, listening, and reading |
| Outline | In a speech, a logically organized framework that shows how the speech will progress |
| Introduction | the beginning of a speech, containing the attention-getter, the link statement, the thesis statement, and frequently a preview statement |
| Rhetorical Question | A question asked merely for effects, and thus not requiring an answer |
| Chronological Pattern | A pattern of organization that arranges elements in time sequence, or in the order in which they happened |
| Review/Summary | Should remind the audience of the main headings, or major areas of analysis covered in the speech |
| Feedback | A reaction that a receiver gives to a message offered by a sender |
| Quotation | The repetition of someone else's exact words |
| Receiver | A person who intercepts a message and the decodes it |
| Sender | A person who transmits a message |
| Communication | The process of sending and receiving messages |
| Anecdote | A brief story used to illustrate a point |
| Body Language | The way one uses his or her body to send message |
| Plagiarism | Copying or imitating another person's language or ideas and passing them off as one's own original work |
| Gesture | Body language involving hand or arm movement |
| Tone of Voice | The pitch and timbre (distinctive) of a person's voice |
| Tact | Diplomacy in dealing with others |
| Stereotype | Making a distorted mental image of someone or something on the basis of an oversimplified opinion, a prejudiced attitude, or an unexamined judgement held in common by members and a group |
| Rapport | A shared feeling of trust and cooperation |
| Rate | The speed at which a person speaks |
| Pitch | The vocal notes (highs and lows) that a speaker reaches while speaking |
| Articulation | The crispness and distinctness of an utterance |
| Delivery | The mode or manner that a speaker uses to transmit words to an audience |
| Nonverbal Message | Something communicated without words as through facial expressions and body language |
| Brainstorming | A process in which group members offer their ideas -- as many as possible, as quickly as possible -- to encourage creative thought and solutions |
