| A | B |
|---|
| John D. Rockefeller | Established the Standard Oil Company; the largest monopoly in US history. America's first billionaire. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Businessman who used vertical integration to create the first billion dollar corporation in the steel industry. |
| Monopolies | Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service; eliminating all competition. AKA trusts. |
| Telegraph | 1844 invention by Samuel Morse that allowed for instant communication over electronic wires |
| Telephone | 1867 invention by Alexander Graham Bell that allowed for instant voice communication. |
| Thomas Edison | American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb; phonograph; and motion pictures. |
| Ellis Island | An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892 in New York. Processed 12 million immigrants; mainly from Europe. |
| Angel Island | The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants; mostly Chinese; gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. |
| Labor Unions | An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions |
| American Federation of Labor | Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886; It sought better wages; hours; working conditions. |
| Railroads | Were essential to westward expansion because they made it easier to travel to and live in the west. Growth impacted the oil and steel industries among others. |
| Pullman Sleeping Car | a luxury railway car with seats that converted into beds for overnight journeys. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses |
| Jay Gould | American financier and railroad developer who; along with James Fisk; attempted to corner the gold market in 1869 |
| J.P. Morgan | An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901. |
| Knights of Labor | Earliest labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms |
| Collective Bargaining | Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract. |
| Labor Strike | When a labor union refuses to go to work in order to shut down a business because of poor working conditions or poor pay. |
