| A | B |
|---|
| Longitude | distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian |
| Contour Line | line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation |
| Atmosphere | relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth’s outermost layer |
| Geosphere | densest parts of Earth that include the crust, mantle, and core |
| Hydrosphere | portion of Earth that consists of water in any of its forms, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and water vapor |
| Biosphere | parts of Earth that contain living organisms |
| Crust | layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface |
| Mantle | layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core |
| Lithosphere | rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust |
| Asthenosphere | soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats |
| Convection | transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid |
| Conduction | Transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another |
| Convection current | movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfer heat from one part of the fluid to another |
| Topography | shape of the land determined by elevation, relief, and landforms |
| Elevation | Height above sea level |
| Plateau | large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface |
| Relief | difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area |
| Equator | imaginary line that circles Earth halfway between the North and South poles |
| Prime Meridian | line that makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole and that passes through Greenwich, England |
| Latitude | distance in degrees north or south of the equator |
