| A | B |
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| Observation | The process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using the senses |
| Scientific Investigation | A search inquiry for gathering detailed facts |
| Scientific Experiment | an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis |
| Hypothesis | A testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation; Typically written as an "if...then" statement |
| Variable | Any factor that can change in an experiment, observation, or model |
| Tested Variable | In a scientific investigation, the factor that is deliberately manipulated (also known as independent variable) |
| Independent Variable | In a scientific investigation, the factor that is deliberately manipulated (also known as tested variable) |
| Outcome Variable | In a scientific investigation, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of the independent variable (also known as dependent variable) |
| Dependent Variable | In a scientific investigation, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of the independent variable (also known as outcome variable) |
| Constants (Controlled Variable) | The part of an experiment for which the independent variable has not been changed; used as a way to determine the reliability and significance of experimental results |
| Experimental Group | The same as a control group, except that the experimenter changes a single factor in this group |
| Controlled Group | The same as an experimental group, except that the experimenter does not change anything in this group |
| Data | Information gathered by observation or experimentation that can be used in calculating or reasoning |
| Quantitative Data | Data given as measurements |
| Qualitative Data | Data that describes your experimental observations |
| Scientific Model | A pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept |
| informed consent | an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate |
| Placebo | A harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the mental benefit to the patient than for any physical effect. |
| constraint | 1. A limit to a design process. May be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction. |
| Outliers | extreme values that don't appear to belong with the rest of the data |
| Ethics | the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions |
| experiment | a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact. |
| Scientific Method | A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. |
