| A | B |
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| Rock | A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter. |
| Rock Cycle | sequence of events in which rocks are formed, destroyed, altered, and reformed by geological processes (a continuous process where one rock type changes into another). |
| Minerals | Inorganic, solid crystalline substances found naturally in the earth. |
| Intrusive Rock | Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface. |
| Extrusive Rock | Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface |
| Properties | characteristics used to describe a substance |
| Mohs Hardness Scale | a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals |
| Sediment | Solid materials such as rock fragments, plant and animal remains, or minerals that are carried by water, wind, ice, gravity, or some other natural force and settle in a new location (bottom of a body of water or at the foot of hills and mountains) |
| Lava | Molten rock that reaches a planet's surface through a volcano or other opening in the crust |
| Cleavage | physical property of some minerals that causes them to break along smooth, flat surfaces |
| Streak | the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral against a streak plate |
| Luster | the way a mineral's surface reflects light from its surface |
| Hardness | a mineral's ability to resist being scratched |
| Foliated and Non-Foliated | Two types of Metamorphic Rock |
| slate, marble, quartzite | 3 examples of Metamorphic Rock |
| Arrangement of Grains | Distinguishing Characteristic of Metamorphic Rock |
| Color, Streak, Luster, Density, Hardness, Crystal Systems, Cleavage/Fracture | 7 Identifying Characteristics of Minerals |
| Fluorescence, Magnetism, Reactivity, Radioactive, Optical, Electrical | 6 Special Properties of Minerals |
| Naturally Occurring, Inorganic, Solid-Always, Crystal Structure, Definite chemical composition | 5 Characteristics a substance needs to be called a mineral |
| Magma | A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle; when cools becomes igneous rock |
