| A | B |
|---|
| Dominant Trait | A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor. |
| Recessive Trait | A genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor. |
| Phenotype | How a trait appears or is expressed. |
| Genotype | The alleles of all the genes on an organism's chromosomes; controls an organism's phenotype. |
| Punnett Square | A model that is used to show the probability of all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. |
| Codominance | An inheritance pattern in which both alleles can be observed in a phenotype. |
| Polygenic Inheritance | An inheritance pattern in which multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait. |
| DNA | The abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, an organism's genetic material. |
| Mutation | A permanent change in the sequence of DNA, or the nucleotides, in a gene or a chromosome. |
| Homozygous | A genotype consisting of 2 identical alleles for a phenotype (AA or aa). |
| Heterozygous | A genotype consisting of 2 different alleles for a phenotype (Aa). |
| Carrier | An offspring that carries a recessive gene for a sex linked trait but does not express the trait in their phenotype. |
| F1, F2, F3 | Refers to the generations of offspring. |
| Incomplete Dominance | A cross between organisms with 2 different phenotypes which produces offspring with a 3rd new phenotype that is a blending of the two previous phenotypes. This causes a blending of the genes for example a red and white flower would become pink. |
| Pedigree | A tool that shows (in a flow chart form) the phenotypes of a genetically related family. |
| Allele | An alternate form of a gene; for example one allele can encode for blue eyes while the other allele encodes for brown eyes. |
| P generation | Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross |
