| A | B |
|---|
| Sexual Reproduction | A type of reproduction where two parents are needed to produce offspring. Each parent donates half (50%) of their DNA. |
| Meiosis | A type of cell division that produces four, genetically different, haploid (n) cells. |
| Haploid (n) cell | A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n). |
| Gametes | sex cells (sperm and egg) |
| Recombination/Crossing Over | Parts of chromosomes are switched between the two pairs of sister chromatids during Meiosis. This creates variation in organisms |
| Fertilization | The fusion of male and female gametes. This takes place in the Fallopian tubes |
| Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Genes | DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission. |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
| asexual reproduction | A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. |
| Mitosis | cell division in which the parent cell divides into identical cells called the daughter cells containing the same number of chromosomes |
| fragmentation and regeneration | Occur when a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into new individuals (sponges, planaria, sea star) |
| binary fission | A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
| Budding | Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism |
| advantage of mitosis (asexual reproduction) | rapid reproduction |
| advantage of meiosis (sexual reproduction) | genetic variation |
| diploid cell (2n) | A cell that has chromosomes which come in pairs |
