| A | B |
|---|
| building blocks of matter | atoms |
| center of the atom | nucleus |
| positively charged subatomic particles | protons |
| neutral or no charge subatomic particles | neutron |
| negatively charged subatomic particles | electrons |
| found in the nucleus of an atom | protons & neutrons |
| make up mass number of an element | protons & neutrons |
| move around atoms nucleus in energy levels | electrons |
| atoms of the same element have different number of neutrons | isotopes |
| same number of protons but different number of neutrons | isotopes |
| pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means | elements |
| made of only one type of atom | elements |
| produced when the nucleus of an atom decays or breaks apart | radiation |
| Carbon-14 is _____________ that is found in all living things | radioactive isotope |
| unstable and give off radiation | radioactive isotopes |
| elements combine to form complex substances | compounds |
| pure substance that is formed when 2 or more different elements combine | compounds |
| can not be broken into simpler substances by physical means , but can be broken down using chemical means | compounds |
| the process of using water to produce hydrogen gas that can be used for hydrogen fuel cells | electrolysis |
| chemical bond that forms as a result of sharing of electrons | covalent bond |
| name three types of chemical bonds | covalent, ionic, and hydrogen |
| strongest chemical bond | covalent |
| weakest chemical bond | hydrogen |
| compounds formed by covalent bonds | molecules |
| charged particle | ion |
| bond that forms between two oppositely charged atoms | ionic bond |
| substances formed by ionic bonds | ionic compounds |
| the science of matter and the change it undergoes | chemistry |
| average of the mass numbers of all the isotopic forms for a element | atomic weight (mass) |
| weak chemical attraction that forms b/w covalently bonded H and either O or N | hydrogen bond |
| molecular interaction that plays major roles in shape & function of biological molecules | van der WAALS FORCE |
| the attractive force between the positive and negative regions of different molecules | van der WAALS FORCE |
| a van der Waal force where one of the charges is on a hydrogen atom | hydrogen bond |
| maximum number of electrons the first energy level can hold | 2 |
| maximum number of electrons the 2nd and 3rd energy levels can hold | 8 |
| name of electrons involved with bonding | valence electrons |
| electrons found in the outer most energy level/orbital of an atom | valence electrons |
| number of valence electrons for the element sodium | 1 |
| number of valence electrons for the element chlorine | 7 |
| number of valence electrons for the element neon | 8 |
| The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared when atoms form compounds are called | valence electrons |
| chemical bond classified as ______ which holds atoms together in a compound | force |
| type of bond that is formed as a result of atoms losing or gaining electrons | ionic bond |
| type of bond that forms between metals and non metals | ionic bond |
| the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay | half life |
| affix for "equal" | iso |
| affix for "share" | co |
| the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. | activation energy |
| the specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme. | active site |
| a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. | catalyst |
| the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared by two atoms. | covalent |
| special proteins, which are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. | enzymes |
| a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. | hydrogen bond |
| an electrical attraction formed between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms. | ionic bond |
| the substance formed during a chemical reaction. | product |
| the starting substance for a chemical reaction. | reactant |
| the reactant that bind to an enzyme. | substrates |
| the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances. | chemical reaction |
| a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine. | compound |
| the energy that must be provided to compounds to result in a chemical reaction | activation energy |
| a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. | catalyst |
| a special protein produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. | enzyme |
| proteins that act as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). | enzyme |
| occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance | chemical change |
| hanges affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition | physical change |
| number of atoms of each element on reactant side equal the number of atoms of each element on product side of the equation | balanced equation |
| matter cannot be created or destroyed | law of conservation of mass |
| a number or figure put before a chemical formula to indicate how many times the formula is to be multiplied | coefficient |
| water changing from liquid to solid | physical change |
| salt (solute) dissolving in water (solvent) | physical change |
| oxidation of metal | chemical change |
| type of reaction that releases energy in the form of heat | exothermic |
| affix for outside | exo |
| affix for heat energy | therm |
| affix for within, inside, internal | endo |
| type of reaction that absorbs heat energy | endothermic |
| affix "-ase" | enzyme |
| a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity as a catalyst | cofactor |
| organic nonprotein molecules that bind with the protein molecule | coenzyme |
| enzymes are no longer active and cannot function | denatured |
| carbon based substance that is the basis of living matter | organic compound |
| essential element of living things | carbon |
| study of compounds containing carbon | organic chemistry |
| carbon's number of valance electrons | 4 |
| chemical shapes of organic compounds | straight chains, branched chains, & rings |
| affix meaning large | macro |
| large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together | macromolecules |
| an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds | molecule |
| molecules formed from repeating units of identical or nearly identical monomers linked by covalent bonds | polymers |
| the building blocks for biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins and carbohydrates. | monomers |
| 4 major classifications of macromolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| affix meaning many | poly |
| small molecule that reacts with a similar molecule to form a larger molecule | monomers |
| a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms | carbohydrate |
| a macromolecule that stores energy and provides barriers | lipid |
| affix meaning single or one | mono |
| macromolecule that is a source of energy and structural support | carbohydrate |
| the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units of carbohydrates | monosaccharide |
| affix meaning sugar | sacchar |
| multiple monosaccharides joined together to form a larger carbohydrate molecule | polysaccharide |
| important polysaccharide that breaks down into glucose | glycogen |
| an energy-rich compound and serves as energy storage. It consists of a glycerol and three fatty acids | triglyceride |
| examples of the macromolecule include fats, steroids, & phospholipids | lipids |
| affix meaning 2 | di |
| examples of this macromolecule include glucose, ribose, cellulose, chitin, and starch | carbohydrate |
| two monosaccharides joined together | disaccharide |
| macromolecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen | lipids |
| a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds | saturated fats |
| examples are sucrose and lactose | disaccharide |
| macromolecule that functions to store energy and provide barriers such as waxy coating on a leaf | lipids |
| fat with a chemical nature in which the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen atoms and do not contain double bonds between carbon atoms. | saturated fats |
| fatty acid in which there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond within the fatty acid chain | unsaturated fats |
| substances such and lipids that don't dissolve in water | hydrophobic |
| affix meaning water | hydro |
| type of fat that is typically solid at room temperature | saturated fats |
| fatty acid which contains one carbon-carbon double bond | monounsaturated fats |
| fatty acid which contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond | polyunsaturated fats |
| affix meaning chemical aversion | phobic |
| responsible for the structure and function of cell membrane | phospholipid |
| group of lipids that include cholesterol and hormones | steroids |
| small compounds made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen | amino acids |
| consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid | proteins |
| macromolecule that stores and transmits genetic information | nucleic acids |
| macromolecule that transports substances, speeds reactions, provides structural support, and makes hormones | proteins |
| comprised of phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base | nucleotide |
| forms polymers by combining monomers by "removing" water | dehydration synthesis |
| affix meaning create, make, combine | synthesis |
| chemical reaction that uses water to break bonds within molecules. | hydrolysis |
| affix meaning decomposition, dissolution, destruction, loosening, breaking down, separation, or disintegration. | lysis |
| composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & phosphorous | nucleic acids |
| have characteristics of living things | Organisms |
| Processes or activities, common to all living things | Life Functions |
| The life processess in which the organism obtains (gets) and processes food | Nutrition |
| Organisms that are able to make their own food | Autotrophs |
| Organisms that are NOT able to make their own food | Heterotrophs |
| The way food is taken into an organism from its environment | Ingestion |
| The process that changes food into a form that can be used by the cell | Digestion |
| The life process that includes the absorption and circulation of materials throughout the organism | Transport |
| The process by which the usable materials from food are taken into the cells and fluids of the body | Absorption |
| The movement of materials to and from the cells, within cells, and/or throught an organism | Circulation |
| The removal of waste materials produced in the cells as a result of life activities | Excretion |
| The process that removes undigested materials from the body | Egestion |
| The life process responsible for the control and coordination of all the various activities of an organism | Regulation |
| A change in the internal or external environment | Stimulus |
| The process of producing complex substances from simpler substances | Synthesis |
| An increase in the size and/or number of cells of an organism | Growth |
| The process of moving from place to place | Locomotion |
| A condition of organisms that are able to move from place to place | Motile |
| A condition of an organism that remains in one place their whole life | Sessile |
| The production (making) of new organisms or cells | Reproduction |
| The sum total of all the life processes taking pace in an organism | Metabolism |
| The maintenance of a stable internal (inside) environment in spite of changes in the external (outside) environment | Homeostasis |
| basic unit of life | cell |
| all of the chemical reactions with an organism | Metabolism |
| Genetic material or directions for an organism | DNA and RNA |
| made up of specialized cells working together | tissue |
| made up of specialized tissues working together | organ |
| an explanation of a natural occurrence that has been supported by many observations and experiments over time an explanation of a natural occurrence that has been supported by many observations and experiments over time | an explanation of a natural occurrence that has been supported by many observations and experiments over time |
| explanation of relationships in nature under certain conditions | law |
| changes in a species over time as a result of inherited characteristics | adaptation |
