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| NUCLEUS | large, oval structure found in both plant and animal cells. It controls and regulates all cell activities. It contains genetic material. |
| CELL | the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| CELL MEMBRANE | *support *protection *controls movement of materials in/out of cell *barrier between cell and its environment *maintains homeostasis |
| CYTOPLASM | thick, jellylike substance found in both plant and animal cells filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It contains and supports the cell organelles. This constantly in motion. |
| CHLOROPLAST | uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis) |
| NUCLEOLUS | SITE OF RIBOSOME SYNTHESIS & ASSEMBLY |
| RIBOSOMES | SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS BY LINKING AMINO ACIDS |
| CHLOROPLASTS | FOUND IN PLANT CELL & CONTAINS THE CHEMICAL CHLORPHYLL |
| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube like structures known as cisternae with ribosomes attached |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell. Processes carbohydrates, lipids, fats and such. No ribosomes on this organelle |
| LYSOSOME | Contains digestive enzymes necessary for breaking down materials within a cell |
| MITOCHONDRIA | Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes - Powerhouse of the cell |
| CYTOSKELETON | Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally. |
| EUKARYOTIC | An organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria |
| PROKARYOTIC | A single‐celled organism that lacks a membrane‐bound nucleus and specialized organelles. |
| NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE | Double membrane that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. Contains nuclear pores that controls what goes in and out of the cell. |
| DNA | Hereditary information that gets passed on during reproduction. It also directs the cells activities while not dividing. Responsible for the production of proteins. |
| CILIA | MULTIPLE, SHORT, HAIR-LIKE PROJECTIONS OFF OF MANY TYPES OF ANIMAL CELLS FOR TRANSPORTING FLUIDS OR PARTICLES |
| FLAGELLA | SINGLE OR FEW, WHIP-LIKE PROJECTION OFF A CELL THAT AIDES IN MOVEMENT. |
| CENTRIOLE | FORM SPINDLE FIBERS DURING CELL DIVISION |
| MICROTUBULE | PART OF CYTOSKELETON THAT MOVES ORGANELLES AROUND THE CELL |
| MICROFILAMENTS | FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM, THINNEST PART OF CYTOSKELETON |
| NUCLEOPLASM | Fluid in the nucleus. |
| PLASTIDS | Contain pigments, food making, food storage |
| PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE | Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Defines the area of the cell. Separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. |
| NUCLEUS | Contains the hereditary information (DNA). Controls the cell by providing the information to make specific proteins. |
| VESICLES | - Form by pinching off from other membranes. - Fuse with other membranes when they come into contact. - Used to transport materials. |
| ORGANELLE | cell parts with specialized function |
| CYTOSKELETON | A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps support the cell |
| CHROMATIN | A material in cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones. |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | functions for detoxification, which is the removal of all the toxic materials such as (metabolic wastes or drugs) |
| CISTERNAE | refers to any of the flattened disks of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus |
| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | associated with protein synthesis and also plays a vital role in protein folding |
| CELL THEORY | --All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. --The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. --Cells arise from pre-existing cells |
| ROBERT HOOKE | illustrated the smallest complete parts of an organism, which he called cells. theory that all organisms are made of cells |
| THEODOR SCHWANN | German physiologist who founded modern histology by defining the cell as the basic unit of animal structure |
| MATTHAIS SCHLEIDEN | botanist that identified plants were composed of cells |
| RUDOLF VIRCHOW | "Father of modern pathology"--contribution to cell thoery stating cells come from pre-existing cells |
| ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEKE | "FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY"-- claimed in 1678 that he had seen protozoa through a microscope as “little animals. |
| synthesis | the composition or combination of parts or elements so as to form a whole |
