| A | B |
| What shall we do with our cities? | Lyman Abbott |
| We shall be a nation of cities | Josiah Strong |
| Before Steam Power Mills | most industries in rural areas |
| major source of Urbanization | steam-powered mills |
| Gateways for immigrants provided | cheap labor |
| Examples of Gateways for immigrants | Boston Chicago New York |
| caused 70% of city traffic before 1890 | horses |
| cablecar first used | San Francisco |
| apartment for poor immigrants | dumbbell tenement |
| founded by Jane Addams | settlement houses |