| A | B |
|---|
| Interphase | Stage of the cell cycle; the cell performs its normal functions |
| Mitosis | Stage of the cell cycle; the cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
| Meiosis | Stage of the cell cycle; the cell divides into four random daughter cells |
| Haploid | Having only one set of each chromosome in the nucleus |
| Diploid | Having two sets of chromosomes in the nucleus |
| Gamete | The sexual reproduction cells of an organism |
| Zygote | A fertilized cell, ready for development |
| Chromosome | Tightly coiled and condensed set of DNA which forms during mitosis/meiosis |
| Chromatid | One copy of a DNA strand, usually attached to its identical “sister” strand |
| Homologous | Separate chromosomes, one from each parent, which contain the same genes |
| Centriole | Organelle that acts as the anchor for spindle fibers |
| G1 phase | Stage of interphase; most organelles are constructed |
| S phase | Stage of interphase; each chromosome is copied and forms a pair of chromatids |
| G2 phase | Stage of interphase; organelles necessary for mitosis are constructed |
| Prophase | Stage of mitosis/meiosis; organelles disappear and chromosomes appear |
| Metaphase | Stage of mitosis/meiosis; chromosomes line up at the center of the cell |
| Anaphase | Stage of mitosis/meiosis; chromosomes or chromatids are pulled to opposite poles |
| Telophase | Stage of mitosis/meiosis; organelles reappear and chromosomes disappear |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm and formation of plasma membrane |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death |
| Cancer | Uncontrolled cell division, resulting in numerous growth of cells |
| Crossing Over | Homologous chromosomes trading genes |
