| A | B |
| What shall we do with our cities? | Lyman Abbott |
| We shall be a nation of cities | Josiah Strong |
| steam powered mills replaced | water powered mills |
| meat packing mills | Chicago |
| shoe mills | Haverhill, Mass. |
| iron/steel mills | Pittsburgh |
| Gateway of immigration-East Coast | New York |
| Gateway of immigration-West Coas | San Francisco |
| horses=70% of city traffic before | 1890 |
| Cable cars first appear | 1873 |
| Eletric trolleys first appear | 1887 |
| Living quarters of new immigrants | dumbbell tenements |
| Washington Gladden | fought social injustice, discrimination |
| Walter Rauschenbusch | fought abuses of industry |
| Jane Addams | settlement houses=help the poor |