| A | B |
|---|
| vertebrate | has a backbone |
| fish | has scales, gills, fins, and a 2-chambered heart |
| Agnatha | a fish with no jaw |
| Chondrichthyes | cartilaginous fish with a jaw |
| Osteichthyes | a bony fish |
| Caudata | an amphibian with a tail as an adult |
| Anura | an amphibian that has no tail as an adult |
| Apoda | an amphibian that has no legs as an adult |
| Tiktaalik | a fish fossil that has some bones in common with tetrapods |
| cleaning station | a location on a coral reef where larger fish come to be cleaned of parasites and dead skin by cleaner organisms like wrasse and shrimp |
| cartilage | a connective tissue that is firm but flexible |
| ovoviviparous | producing young by means of eggs that are hatched inside one of the parents |
| viviparous | producing live young that received nutrients and oxygen directly from the mother |
| anadromous | a life cycle in which fish are born in freshwater, migrate to saltwater to live, and then return to freshwater to spawn |
| extant | living examples of the organism are known to exist |
| living fossil | an organism that is a living example of an otherwise extinct group and has remained virtually unchanged in structure and function |
| mimicry | a superficial resemblence between two animals that are not closely related |
| heterocercal | fish tail with lobes of different lengths |
| cloaca | a body cavity that is used in animals for the digestive system, the excretory system, and the reproductive system (in females) |
| pineal eye | an structure that detects the presence or absence of light but does not produce images |
| cartilage | a connective tissue that is firm but flexible |
| spawning | the process by which eggs are laid in the water and then fertilized with sperm |
| gonad | the organ that makes gametes |
| cleaning station | a location on a coral reef where larger reef where larger fish come to be cleaned of parasites and dead skin by cleaner organisms like wrasse and shrimp |
| tetrapod | an animal that has four legs (arms, legs, flippers, or wings) |
| aposematic coloration | a defense mechanism that involves the use of bright colors to warn predators of danger due to toxicity or a bad taste |
| spermatophore | a mass of sperm encased inside a gelatinous coating, which dissolves inside a female, where fertilization occurs |
| ampullae of Lorenzini | structures in sharks that detect electrical fields |
| swim bladder | a structure in fish that allows the fish to change the depth at which it is swimming |
| lateral line | a structure in fish that senses vibrations in the water with hair cells |
| lampreys and hagfish | jawless fish |
| Tiktaalik | the fossilized fish that evolutionists believe are an intermediate animal between fish and amphibians |
| ray fins | fins that are composed of bony spines and webs of skin |
| lobe fins | fins that look like fleshy stumps |
| salmon, trout, perch, bass | examples of fish in group Osteichtheys |
| lamprey and hagfish | examples of fish in group Agnatha |
| sharks, rays, skates | examples of fish in group Condrichthyes |
| frogs and toads | examples of amphibians in Order Anura |
| salamanders and newts | examples of amphibians in Order Caudata |
| caecilians | example of amphibians in Order Apoda |
| tadpoles | the larval stage of frogs and toads |
