| A | B |
|---|
| VALENCE ELECTRONS | ELECTRONS FOUND IN THE OUTER |
| ENERGY LEVEL | any of the poissible energies an electron may have in an atome |
| ORBITAL | A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| PERIODIC LAW | properties of elements tend to repeat in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
| DIATOMIC | pure elements that form molecules consisting of two atoms bonded together |
| PERIOD | horizontal row of elements; elements in the same row have same number of orbitals |
| LEWIS STRUCTURE | drawing of a molecule that illustrates the valence electrons for the element |
| SUBSCRIPT | written in a chemical formula to communicate number of atoms of element in compound |
| CATION | result of an element changing from neutral state to positive because the element gave up electrons |
| ANION | result of an element changing from neutral state to negative as a result of gaining electrons |
| ION | charged particle as a result of losing or gaining electrons |
| OXIDATION NUMBER | charge that atom would have if the compound was composed of ions |
| SUPERSCRIPT | SYMBOLIZES THE OXIDATION NUMBER OF AN ELEMENT |
| SUBSCRIPT | numbers that come after a symbol and below, tell you the number of. atoms of that element |
| 1 | number of atoms if element does not have a subscript |
| VALENCE ELECTRONS | ELECTRONS FOUND IN THE OUTER |
| ENERGY LEVEL | any of the poissible energies an electron may have in an atome |
| ORBITAL | A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| FAMILY | vertical column on periodic table, also known as a group; elements have similar chemical and physical properties and same number of valance electrons |
| ELECTRON CLOUD | current theory or model of the atom where electrons move three dimensionally within a given area |
| CATION | result of an element changing from neutral state to positive because the element gave up electrons |
| ANION | result of an element changing from neutral state to negative as a result of gaining electrons |
| ION | charged particle as a result of losing or gaining electrons |
| CORE ELECTRONS | electrons that are NOT in the outer orbital/shell of the atom |
| OCTET RULE | max of eight valence electrons; full outer shell |
| MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS | elements that do not include transition or rare earth metals |
| 3rd orbital or energy level | M shell |
| ELECTRONEGATIVITY | The ability for an atom to attract electron. |
| 6 | number of valence electrons for oxygen |
| single bond | A chemical bond formed when atoms share one pair of electrons. |
| double bond | A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons. |
| polar bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally. |
| non-polar bond | A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally. |
| number of orbitals | Period number is equal to ________ |
| number of valence electrons | Family/Group number is equal to ______ |
| decreases | Ionization energy _____ as you move down a group on the periodic table |
| valence electrons | Elements in the same group have the same number of _____. |
| increases | The amount of energy needed to remove an electron ____ from left to right across a period. |
| nonmetal | An element is dull, brittle, a poor conductor, and it does not react with hydrochloric acid. This element is most likely a _____. |
| Periodic Law | Statement that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties |
| 2 electrons | Alkaline earth metals lose _____ electrons to achieve the electron configuration of the noble gas in the preceding period. |
| an electron | Ionization energy is the energy required to remove ____ from an atom of an element. |
| MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS | elements that do not include transition or rare earth metals |
| PROTONS | POSITIVE ATOMIC PARTICLE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS |
| NEUTRONS | NEUTRALLY CHARGED PARTICLE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS |
| ELECTRONS | NEGATIVE ATOMIC PARTICLES FOUND SURROUNDING THE NUCLEUS |
| NUCLEUS | center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons |
| PERIODIC LAW | properties of elements tend to repeat in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
| HYDROGEN FAMILY | family with single member that is a non metal gas |
| TRAMSITION METALS | the largest family in the periodic table with a lot of electrons (normally) and distribute them in many advanced/ complicated ways |
| BORON FAMILY | 3 valence electrons, composed of a metalloid and metal, aluminum is important because it is light, strong, and does not corrode |
| NOBLE GASES | located on the far right column of the periodic table |
| NITROGEN FAMILY | 5 valence electrons, tend to share electrons, |
| HALOGEN FAMILY | located in the second column from the right side of the periodic table |
| ALKALI METAL FAMILY | located to the far left side of the periodic table excluding hydrogen, members have 1 valence electron |
| ALKALINE EARTH METALS | highly reactive but not as reactive as Alkali metals...have 2 valence electrons |
| HALOGEN FAMILY | non-metals that form salts |
| NOBLE GASES | these elements are very un reactive because they have their outer shells fully filled with eight electrons |
| ALKALI METAL FAMILY | very reactive because they only need to lose one electron to have a full shell |
| NOBLE GASES | also known as Inert Gases |
| ALKALINE EARTH METAL FAMILY | when they are mixed in solutions they form basic solutions |
| ACTINIDE FAMILY | group of metals in the bottom row of the periodic table, radioactive and some are not found in nature |
| LANTHANIDE FAMILY | group of metals located on the second row from the bottom of the periodic table. Some of these elements can be found in superconductors, glass production, or lasers. |
| CARBON FAMILY | 4 valence electrons, composed of 1 nonmetal, 2 metals, 2 metalloids--compounds form the "basis for life" |
| RARE EARTH ELEMENTS | classification that includes the actinide and lanthanide families |
| OXYGEN FAMILY | 6 valence electrons, tend to share electrons |
| MALLEABLE | can be hammered into thin sheets |
| DUCTILE | can be drawn into thin wires |
| CHALCOGEN | also known as the oxygen family |
| PNICTOGEN | also known as the nitrogen family |
| CHALCOGEN | family of ore forming elements |
