| A | B |
|---|
| Rifampin | Used for treatment of TB and as prophylaxis for N. meningitidis |
| Colistin | Risk of toxicity. Used as topical agent. |
| Cephalosporins | Structurally similar to penicillin but better able to withstand the action of beta lactamases |
| Vancomycin | Effective against Gram Positives. Used to treat MRSA |
| Chloramphenicol | Can be toxic to bone marrow |
| Metronidazole | Effective against most clinically significant anaerobes |
| Nitrofurantoin | Used to treat UTI |
| Penicillin | Cannot be used with MRSA. Beta streps still universally susceptible |
| Aminoglycosides | Toxic to kidneys and ears. Used to treat serious GNR infections. |
| Tetracycline | Effective against Gram positives, Gram negatives, Rickettsial illness, and Chlamydia. Side effects common |
| Trimethoprim | Effective against many Gram positives and some Gram negatives. Frequently combined with a sulfonamide |
| Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) | Lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that kills 99.9% of the test bacteria |
| Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) | Lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of a bacterium |
| Synergy | Occurs when the antimicrobial activity of a combination of antimicrobial agents is greater than the activity of the individual agents alone |
| 0.5 McFarland Standard | Standard used for Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Testing |
| Modified Hodge Test | Test for Carbapenemase Detection in Enterobacteriaceae |
| D test | Test for Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in S. aureus isolates |
| Epsilometer (E) Test | MIC level is determined where the growth of the ellipse meets the strip after overnight incubation (Gradient diffusion) |
| S. aureus, N. gonorrhoeae, Moraxella, Enterococcus, Anaerobes, Haemophilus influenzae | Organisms that require testing for Beta lactamase production |
| Zones too large in KB testing | 0.5 McFarland standard too light |
| Zones too small in KB testing | 05 McFarland standard too heavy |
| Mueller-Hinton Agar | Agar used for Kirby Bauer testing |
| Lysed Horse Blood | Supplement used for KB testing for Strep pneumo isolates |
