| A | B |
|---|
| Law of Dominance | When an organism is hybrid for a pair of contrasting traits, only the dominant trait can be seen in the hybrid. |
| gene | a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a particular protein |
| alleles | different forms of the same gene (ex: T or t) |
| homozygous | containing two alleles that are the same (ex: tt or TT) |
| heterozygous | containing two alleles that are different (ex: Tt) |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism (ex: Tt) |
| phenotype | the physical trait that an organism develops as a result of its genotype (ex: tall) |
| Law of Independent Assortment | During meiosis, genes for different traits are separated and distributed to gametes independently of one another |
| incomplete dominance | occurs when two alleles contribute to the phenotype;traits blend |
| codominance | both traits are expressed at the same time |
| genome | all of the genes possessed by an organism |
| homozygous | alleles are identical |
| heterozygous | when the genotype includes both a dominant and a recessive allele |
| genotype | symbols used to represent the alleles of an organism |
| phenotype | written description of the trait we observe in an organism |
| dominant | a trait that masks another; represented by a capital letter |
| recessive | a trait that is only expressed in the homozygous form |
| allele | a varying form of a gene |
| purebred | another term for homozygous where alleles are the same |
| Mendel | the father of genetics ( studied pea plants) |
| hybrid | another term for heterozygous where the alleles are different |
| heterozygous | Bb |
| heterozygous | one uppercase letter & one lowercase letter |
| Punnett square | used to predict probable outcomes of crosses |
| homozygous dominant | two capital letters |
| homozygous recessive | bb |
| homozygous recessive | two lowercase letters |
| gene | a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a particular protein |
| alleles | different forms of the same gene (ex: T or t) |
| homozygous | containing two alleles that are the same (ex: tt or TT) |
| heterozygous | containing two alleles that are different (ex: Tt) |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism (ex: Tt) |
| phenotype | the physical trait that an organism develops as a result of its genotype (ex: tall) |
| monohybrid | crossing of one trait |
| dihybrid | crossing of two traits |
| incomplete dominance | BB' |
| co-domianance | BW |
| complete dominance | Bb |
| Law of Dominance | When an organism is hybrid for a pair of contrasting traits, only the dominant trait can be seen in the hybrid. |
| homozygous | containing two alleles that are the same (ex: tt or TT) |
| heterozygous | containing two alleles that are different (ex: Tt) |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism (ex: Tt) |
| phenotype | the physical trait that an organism develops as a result of its genotype (ex: tall) |
| incomplete dominance | occurs when two alleles contribute to the phenotype;traits blend |
| codominance | both traits are expressed at the same time |
| dominant | a trait that masks another; represented by a capital letter |
| recessive | a trait that is only expressed in the homozygous form |
| heterozygous | Bb |
| heterozygous | one uppercase letter & one lowercase letter |
| homozygous dominant | two capital letters |
| homozygous recessive | bb |
| homozygous recessive | two lowercase letters |
| monohybrid | crossing of one trait |
| dihybrid | crossing of two traits |
| incomplete dominance | BB' |
| co-domianance | BW |
| complete dominance | Bb |
| genotype of a male | XY |
| genotype of a female | XX |
| sex linked trait | A trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex chromosome |
| x linked sex linked trait | A trait that is determined by the allele on X chromosome |
| y linked sex linked trait | A trait determined by the allele on Y chromosome is said to be Y-linked. |
| x linked sex linked (male) | X^C y |
| antibody | a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. |
| Rh factor | protein on the surface of the Red blood cell. |
| agglutinogen | stimulate the formation of agglutinin |
| agglutinin | antibodies generating by our immune system against antigens found in blood plasma |
| agglutinin | substance in the blood that causes particles to coagulate and aggregate; that is, to change from fluid-like state to a thickened-mass (solid) state. |
| type A | type of blood with A agglutinogens and B agglutinins |
| type B | type of blood with B agglutinogens and A agglutinins |
| Rh+ | has Rh antigens |
| 0 | recessive allele in blood type |
| agglutination | the clumping together of antigens on red blood cells by the action of a corresponding antibodies |
| ii | Genotype for blood type O |
| 0- | A blood type that is universal donor because it does not have any antigens on red blood cells. |
| AB+ | A blood type that is universal recipient because it does not have any antibodies in blood plasma. |
