| A | B |
|---|
| Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis will have metabolic alkalosis. | False |
| Which of the following are chronic complications of diabetes? | Chronic renal failure, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. |
| Type I Diabetes is caused by a complete deficiency of insulin | True |
| Cushings (Too much hormone) | FVO (fluid volume overload) and hyperglycemia. |
| Addison's (Too little hormone) | FVD (fluid volume deficit) and hypoglycemia |
| The brain cells are able to utilize other nutrients during hypoglycemia; therefore, episodes of hypoglycemia do not affect the brain. | False |
| Cushings may be caused by | Cushings can be caused by elevated Cortisol (glucocorticoid) and also an elevated ACTH (the pituitary hormone that stimulates adrenal hormones) |
| goiter is present with | hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism |
| Hormones act by | Binding to receptors on target cells |
| Blood glucose levels will increase with the secretion of which hormones? | Cortisol, growth, and glucagon can have an increasing effect on glucose. Insulin will decrease blood glucose. |
| Patients with hyperglycemia may experience polyuria because of | The polyuria seen in diabetes happens because of the high blood glucose (sugar). The sugar will pull water to it and the body will urinate out fluid. This is called osmotic diuresis. |
| Thyroid storm is associated with | Thyroid storm is present in hyperthyroidism |
| Which substance, supplied by oral ingestion, is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormone? | Iodine is necessary or thyroid hormone synthesis. |
| Hormone release is regulated by various processes. Which feedback system occurs because rising hormone levels negate the initiating factor that triggers the release of hormone(s)? It is called ________________ feedback | The correct answer is negative feedback. This is because the rising hormone level negates the initiating change that triggers the hormone. Remember most of the body runs on negative feedback. The negative feedback system is essential for those body functions that need continuous adjustments. |
| Hyperthyroidism | Heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, diarrhea. |
| Hypothyroidism | Cold intolerance, weight gain, bradycardia, constipation |
| Patients with HHNS are seriously dehydrated and have serum osmolality levels greater than 310 mOsm/kg. | True. Patients with HHNK/HHNS are severely dehydrated. Remember a normal Osmo is 275-295. |
| Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex? | Androgens (sex), mineralcorticoids (Aldosterone), and Cortisol (a glucocorticoid |
| Which hormone has anti-inflammatory characteristics? | Glucocorticoids like Cortisol have an antiinflammatory effect |
| Adrenal cortex deficiency results in hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and orthostatic hypotension. Which adrenal cortex hormone deficiency is responsible for these manifestions? | Mineralcorticoid |
| Cellular receptors sites for hormones may be altered by...... | Antibodies, Up-regulation, Down-regulation, Most hormones in the body work by negative feedback |
