| A | B |
|---|
| Methods of Studying Human Genetics | Population sampling, pedigree studies |
| Population Sampling | A small number of individuals represent the whole population |
| Twin Studies | determines the effects of genetics vs. environment on identical twins |
| Fraternal | nonidentical |
| Paternal | identical |
| Pedigree Studies | a family record showing how a trait is inherited over several gernerations |
| Single Allele Dominant | Huntington's Disease |
| Single Allele Recessive | Albinism, Cystic Fibrosis, PKU |
| Codominant Trait | one trait does not totally mask the second; sickle cell disease |
| Sickle Cell Disease | AA-normal;A'A'-lethal,AA'-heterozygote likely to survive malaria |
| Multiple Alleles | Controlled by 3 or more alleles |
| Blood Types | A,B,AB,O |
| Universal Recipient | Type AB can receive blood from any other group |
| Antigens | Cause the production of antibodies |
| Polygenic | Traits that are controlled by several genes |
| Autosomes | all chromosomes except sex chromosomes |
| Sex-linked | Hemophilia/colorblindeness |
| Sex Influenced Traits | not carried on the X chromosome; pattern baldness |
| XX | Female |
| XY | Male |
