| A | B |
|---|
| Aerobic Respiration | Energy-production systems utilized when oxygen is present |
| Alcohol | Formed by yeast and bacterial cells; byproduct of fermentation |
| ATP | High-energy molecule, used to provide power for enzymes |
| ATP Synthase | Enzyme that uses energy from diffusing H+ to build ATP |
| Calvin Cycle | Photosynthesis step; excess energy and CO2 is used to make sugars |
| Cellular Respiration | Process of obtaining energy through the breakdown of sugars |
| Citric Acid Cycle | Takes place in mitochondria; produces multiple electron carriers |
| Chlorophyll | Main pigment of photosynthesis |
| Chloroplast | Organelle; site of photosynthesis |
| Cytoplasm | Organelle; site of glycolysis |
| Electron Transport Chain | Uses diffusion and energy from electron carriers to synthesize ATP |
| FAD+ | Weaker electron carrier, only built in the citric acid cycle |
| Fermentation | Process of removing H+ from NADH for emergency energy when no oxygen is present |
| Glycolysis | Takes place in the cytoplasm; sugars are broken down |
| Hydrogen | Source of the electron for the electron transport chains |
| Lactic Acid | Forms in muscle cells; byproduct of fermentation |
| Light Reactions | Photosynthesis step energy from light is captured |
| Mitochondria | Organelle; site of aerobic respiration |
| NAD+ | Main electron carrier, utilized in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle |
| NADP+ | Electron carrier of photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis | Process of harnessing energy from sunlight to produce sugars |
| Pyruvate | Output of glycolysis; enters aerobic respiration or fermentation |
| Stroma | Inner fluid of chloroplasts; site of Calvin cycle |
| Thylakoid | Internal membrane that contains cell pigments for light reactions |
| Glucose | Sugar molecule; the main input of glycolysis |
