| A | B |
|---|
| AXIAL | forms the central axis of the body and includes the bones of the skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone of the throat, vertebral column, and the thoracic cage |
| APPENDICULAR | region of the skeleton composed of bones of upper and lower limbs |
| CARPALS | the eight bones of the wrist, which are arranged in two rows, a proximal and a distal row, each consisting of four bones |
| PHALANGES | any of the 14 tapering bones composing the fingers of each hand and the toes of each foot |
| CARTILAGE | tough, flexible, dense connective tissue--composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix |
| JOINTS | location at which two bones make contact. |
| TENDONS | Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone or to other muscles |
| LIGAMENTS | tough bands of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that binds the bone ends at the joint |
| BONE MARROW | soft blood-forming tissue that fills the cavities of bones and contains fat and immature and mature blood cells |
| FRACTURE | when the continuity of a bone is broken. There are many different types of fracture from greenstick, hairline, and compression to oblique, impacted, and longitudinal. |
| SPRAIN | abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a joint |
| STRAIN | stretch or tear of tendon or muscle |
| STERNUM | bone that connects the ribs--commonly called the breastbone |
| SCAPULA | flat, triangle-shaped bone that makes up a human’s shoulder blade |
| MANDIBLES | the jaw in vertebrates that is hinged to open the mouth |
| CRANIUM | skull part that encloses the brain |
| DIAPHYSIS | main or midsection of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue |
| EPIPHYSIS | the ossified part of the end of a mammalian limb bone or vertebra |
| PEROSTEUM | membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the articular surfaces of long bones |
| ENDOSTEUM | thin layer of connective tissue that lines the inner surfaces of all bones |
| MEDULLARY CANAL | marrow cavity of bone |
| LONG BONES | classification of bones that supporting vertebrate and consisting of an essentially cylindrical shaft that contains bone marrow and ends in enlarged heads for articulation with other bones Ex: femur |
| SHORT BONES | classification of bones with dimensions that are mostly equal and lack medullary cavity. Ex: phalanges |
| IRREGULAR BONES | classification of bones that has a complex form. Ex: vertebrate |
| FLAT BONES | classification of bone that is usually thin and curved whose primary purpose is to protect organs and produce blood cells Ex: scapula |
| CERVICAL VERTEBRATE | region composed of neck bones |
| THORACIC VERTEBRATE | region of vertebrate the ribs are attached to |
| LUMBAR VERTEBRATE | region of vertebrate between rib cage and pelvis |
| SACRUM VERTEBRATE | triangular -shaped bone lying between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the coccyx (tailbone) |
| COCCYX VERTEBRATE | last portion of the vertebral column just below the sacrum--commonly called the tailbone |
| FEMUR | proximal bone of the hind or lower limb that extends from the hip to the knee-- also called thighbone |
| FIBULA | long bone in the lower leg that is adjacent to the tibia |
| TIBIA | shinbone---larger and stronger of the two bones below the knee |
| TARSELS | any of the seven bones that make up the ankle and adjoining part of the foot |
| DIATHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF MOVEABLE JOINT |
| AMPHIARTHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF PARTIALLY MOVEABLE JOINT |
| SYNATHROSIS | CLASSIFICATION OF JOINT THAT DOESN'T MOVE |
| OSTEOPOROSIS | THINNING OF THE BONES |
| OSTEO | AFFIX REFERRING TO BONES |
| OSSIFICATION | process of turning cartilage into bone |
| FRACTURE | BONE BREAK |
| OSTEOBLASTS | bone forming cell |
| PATELLA | thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee |
| BONE | rigid organ comprised of connective tissue that forms the skeletal system of organisms classified as vertebrates |
| SPONGY BONE TISSUE | characterized by its porous, honeycomb-like structure and is typically found at the ends of long bones |
| COMPACT BONE TISSUE | the hard, stiff, smooth, thin, white bone tissue that surrounds all bones in the human body |
| GLIDING JOINT | multiaxial because it permits many movements --found in ankles & vertebrates |
| PIVOT JOINT | allows only rotary movement around a single axis such as the connection between the radius and ulna |
| HINGE JOINT | found at the elbow, knee, and phalanges, allow bones to move in one direction back and forth, |
| BALL & SOCKET JOINT | a joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone, allowing greater freedom of movement than any other kind of joint |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
