| A | B |
|---|
| plasma membrane | a semipermeable membrane that surrounds all cells |
| ribosome | a two-part structure in all cells where proteins are synthesized |
| pathogen | an organism that causes disease |
| flagellum | a slender protein structure used by many cells to move around |
| diffusion | movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane from an area where the solute concentration is low to an area where the solute concentration is high |
| endocytosis | the process by which cells take in a substance by surrounding it with the plasma membrane and making a vesicle that holds the substance |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance in a vesicle is released into the cell's environment by fusing with the plasma membrane |
| aerobes | organisms that use oxygen in their cellular respiration |
| anearobes | organisms that do not use oxygen in their cellular respiration |
| endosymbiosis | the idea that eukaryotes arose as a result of one prokaryote engulfing others |
| cytosplasm | interior of cell which holds the organelles |
| ribosome | a two-part structure in all cells where proteins are synthesized |
| pathogen | an organism that causes disease |
| prokaryote | a cell without membrane bound organelles |
| eukaryote | a cell with membrane bound organelles |
| nucleus | the organelle of a cell that contains the DNA |
| Golgi body | the organelle that enables a packaging process to prepare the proteins and lipids for their final destination. "Pack and ship" |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | membranes dotted with ribosomes which synthesize a large amount of proteins |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | membranes that do not contain ribosomes. Site of lipids synthesis. |
| lysosome | the organelle that processes and recycles molecules |
| chloroplasts | the organelles where photosynthesis occurs |
| mitochondria | the organelle that creates the energy molecule ATP |
| cytoskeleton | the structure inside a cell that keeps the organelles in their place |
| solvent | the substance that makes up most of a solution |
| ATP | the energy molecule |
| stomata | tiny openings on the underside of leaves that allow air to enter |
| NADPH | the main electron carrier in photosynthesis |
| light-dependent reaction | the photosynthetic reaction that creates NADPH, ATP, and oxygen |
| light-independent reaction | the photosynthetic reaction that produces ADP, NADP+, and sugar |
| Calvin cycle | a complex series of reactions that occur during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis |
| cellular respiration | the process of breaking down glucose and making ATP |
| photosynthesis | the process of capturing the energy of the sun via pigments and converting it into sugars and oxygen |
