| A | B |
|---|
| sternest | (of a person or their manner) serious and unrelenting, especially in the assertion of authority |
| tattered | old and torn; in poor condition |
| forge | to make, build, or shape |
| corridor | a long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms;hallway |
| repulsive | arousing intense distaste or disgust |
| craned | stretch out one's body or neck in order to see something |
| docile | submissive; compliant; obedient |
| flutters | to move rapidly |
| plea | a request made in an urgent and emotional manner |
| engulf | to surround or cover completely |
| prod | to poke with the intent to move someone or something |
| radiates | to give off light or energy |
| enunciate | means to speak or pronounce clearly |
| cascades | means to tumble down rapidly, like water |
| arid | means dry, like a desert |
| exhilaration | means excitement, joy, liveliness |
| subsequent | means occurring or coming later or after |
| enchanting | means magical; casting a spell |
| ethos | refers to an ethical appeal that relies on the credibility of the speaker |
| pathos | In this method of appeal, a speaker tries to provoke an emotional response from the audience |
| logos | A speaker using this type of appeal supports his or her claim with reasons and evidence such as facts, examples, and statistics |
| controversy | public disagreement, argument |
| convince | persuade or lead to agreement by means of an argument |
| ethics | rules of conduct or set of principles |
| radical | extreme; desirous of change in established institutions or practices |
| tension | mental strain or excitement |
| facile | easy to make or understand |
| eviscerate | to remove the necessary or important parts |
| indigenous | native to a land |
| extortionist | one who obtains something by force or threat |
| insurgency | rebellion or revolt |
| reparations | compensation or payment from a nation for damage or injury during a war |
| recalcitrant | uncooperative and resistant of authority |
| adamant | inflexible and insistent, unchanging |
| Parallelism | the use of similar grammatical constructions to express related ideas |
| Repetition | repeating words and phrases to reinforce meaning and to create rhythm |
| Antithesis | juxtaposes sharply contrasting words, phrases, clauses, or sentences to emphasize a point, often using parallel grammatical structures |
| Rhetorical question | are asked for the purpose of drawing attention to ideas or changing the tempo of the speech; they do not require an answer |
| understatement | a figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is |
| verbal irony | A character says one thing but really means the opposite |
| situational irony | This occurs when what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate |
| dramatic irony | This occurs when the reader or audience understands more about the events of a story than a character |
| sarcasm | an often an exaggerated form of irony. It’s more obvious and meant to hurt someone. |
| loaded language | words with strongly positive or negative connotations |
| inductive reasoning | a method of argument in which the writer first presents evidence about an issue or problem and then draws conclusions from it. |
| assurance | a guarantee or pledge |
| collapse | to break down or fall apart suddenly and cease to function |
| conceive | to understand or form in the mind; to devise |
| devote | to give one's entire energy or attention to something or someone |
| vision | ability to see; insight |
| affliction | something that causes suffering or pain |
| purge | to eliminate or wash away |
| infamous | having a bad reputation |
| taut | tense or tightly fixed |
| pilgrimage | a journey to a historical or religious site |
| loathsome | hateful or repulsive |
| universal theme | a message that can be found throughout the literature of all time periods |
| theme | the underlying messages an author wants the audience to understand |
| connotation | an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning |
| plot | the story line |
| setting | time and place in a story |
| point of view | perspective from which the story is told (1st, 2nd, 3rd person) |
| mood and atmosphere | feeling created (in the reader) by a work |
| inference | a guess of what can be |
| imagery | descriptive or figurative language used to create word pictures for the reader |
| protagonist | the good main character |
| antagonist | the bad main character |
| climax | the high point of the story |
| conflict | in a story/poem it is the problem that exists |
| symbolism | uses something to represent something else |
| foreshadowing | giving clues to suggest events that have yet to occur |
| irony | contrast between what is stated and what is meant |
| satire | writing that ridicules or criticizes individuals, ideas, social convention |
| simile | making comparisons between two subjects using like or as |
| metaphor | one thing is spoken of as if it were something else |
| personification | a non-human subject is given human traits |
| alliteration | repetition of first sound (Peter Piper picked) - repeated at least two times |
| allusion | a reference to a well-known person, place, event, or literary work to make the writing stronger |
| hyperbole | an exaggeration |
| kenning | a specialized metaphor made of compound words or phrases |
| Hyphenated kenning | A kenning that is written as hyphenated compounds, i.e sky-candle |
| Prepositional kenning | A kenning with a prepositional phrases, i.e wolf of wounds |
| Possessive kenning | A kenning that shows something or someone possessing something, i.e the sword’s tree |
| Compound kenning | A kenning that consists of more than one word or a compound word |
| Nouns | name persons, places, things, or ideas |
| Pronouns | take the place of nouns |
| Adjectives | describe or modify nouns or pronouns |
| Verbs | express action or being |
| Adverbs | describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs |
| Conjunctions | join words or groups of words |
| Prepositions | relate nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentences |
| Interjections | express emotion or feeling |
