| A | B |
|---|
| Roma | Rome |
| Italia | Italy |
| Gallia | France |
| Graecia | Greece |
| Britannia | Britain |
| Hispania | Spain |
| Mare Nostrum | Mediterranean Sea |
| Tiber River | river through Rome |
| Jupiter | Zeus: eagle, king of gods, thunder |
| Pluto | Hades: underworld |
| Neptune | Poseidon: sea, wild horses, earthquake |
| Mercury | Hermes: thieves, messenger, technology |
| Apollo | Apollo: music, archery, medicine |
| Minerva | Athena: wisdom, war strategy, horsemanship, owl |
| Venus | Aphrodite: love, beauty |
| Vulcan | Hephaestus: blacksmith |
| Vesta | Hestia: hearth, home |
| Ceres | Demeter: grain |
| Mars | Ares: war |
| Juno | Hera: marriage, queen of gods, peacock |
| Dionysus | Bacchus: wine, acting, fertility |
| Diana | Artemis: hunt, wild animals, childbirth |
| Romulus | first king of Rome |
| Remus | brother of first Roman king |
| Aeneas | brought Trojans to Italy, forefather of Romulus and Remus |
| Forum | city center |
| Circus Maximus | chariot racing |
| Colosseum | gladiator fights |
| villa | country house |
| cubiculum | bedroom |
| atrium | central entrance |
| triclinium | dining room |
| tablinum | study |
| toga | only worn by male citizens |
| tunica | everyday wear for all |
| stola | dress |
| palla | shawl |
| bulla | charm for children |
| pater | father |
| mater | mother |
| filius | son |
| filia | daughter |
| paterfamiliās | head of Roman household; had power of life & death over all, including slaves & animals |
| servus | slave |
| equus | horse |
| canis | dog |
| porcus | pig |
| feles | cat |
| salve, salvete | hello |
| quid agis | How are you? |
| quid nomen tibi est? | What is your name? |
| quis est | Who is it? |
| quid est | What is it? |
| vale, valete | good-bye |
| ita vero | yes |
| certe | certainly |
| sic | thus |
| minime | no |
| e pluribus unum | one out of many |
| tempus fugit | time flies |
| n.b. | note well |
| carpe diem | seize the day |
| a.m. | ante meridiem |
| etc. (et cetera) | and other things |
| e.g. exempli gratiā | for example |
| aut | or |
| et | and |
| quod | because |
| sed | but |
| ubi | where, when |
| -ne | asks a yes/no question |
| cras | tomorrow |
| hodie | today |
| ibi | there |
| mox | soon |
| numquam | never |
| saepe | often |
| statim | immediately |
| subito | suddenly |
| tum | then |
| cur | why |
| quomodo | how |
| aut...aut | either...or |
| et....et | both...and |
| -que | and |
| I | 1 |
| V | 5 |
| X | 10 |
| L | 50 |
| C | 100 |
| D | 500 |
| M | 1000 |
| semper | always |
| ad | to + accusative |
| ante | before, in front of + accusative |
| circum | around + accusative |
| in | into, onto, against + accusative |
| inter | between, among + accusative |
| per | through + accusative |
| post | after + accusative |
| prope | near + accusative |
| trans | across + accusative |
| ab | from, by + ablative |
| cum | with + ablative |
| de | about, concerning, down from + ablative |
| sine | without + ablative |
| sub | under + ablative or accusative |
| ego | I |
| nos | we, us |
| mihi | to/for me |
| tu | you |
| vos | ya'll |
| tibi | to/for you |
| vobis | to/for ya'll |
| quot | how many |
| unus | one |
| duo | two |
| tres | three |
| quattuor | four |
| quinque | five |
| sex | six |
| septem | seven |
| octo | eight |
| novem | nine |
| decem | ten |
| centum | hundred |
| mille | thousand |
| Ostia | port city of Rome |
| Pompeii | city destroyed by Vesuvius |
| Naples | city north of Pompeii |
| Mt. Vesuvius | erupted in 79 AD |
| Brundisium | heel of Italy |
| Apennine | mountains through Italy, diving east and west |
| Africa | Africa |
| Athens | city in Greece |
| Carthage | city in northern Africa |
| Asia Minor | Turkey |
| Troy | city in Asia Minor |
| monarchy | Rome's first form of government (753 - 509 BC) |
| Republic | Rome's second form of government (509 - 27 BC) |
| Empire | Rome's third and final form of government (27 BC - 476 AD) |
| Numa | second king of Rome: peaceful and religious |
| Tullus Hostilius | third king of Rome: warlike |
| Tarquin the Proud | seventh and last king of Rome |
| heri | yesterday |
| Ancus Marcius | Fourth king of Rome: construction of city walls, prison, Pōns Sublicus, seaport of Rome at Ostia |
| Tarquin the Elder | Fifth king of Rome: eagle took cap from his head as omen |
| Servius Tullius | Sixth king of Rome: born a slave, head-flames |
| Daphne | turned into a laurel tree to escape Apollo |
| Arachne | turned into spider because she challenged Minerva |
| Midas | golden touch |
| Horatius | defended across Tber bridge single-handedly |
| Cincinnatus | gave up dictatorship to return to farm |
| Palatine Hill | site of imperial palaces |
| Via Appia | Road from Rome to Brundisium |
| Pantheon | temple to all the gods |
| Campus Martius | field of Mars, military training ground |
| aqueduct | transported water |
| thermae | baths |
| curia | senate house |
| basilica | law-court |
| insulae | apartment building |
| cena | dinner |
| caput | head |
| oculus | eye |
| manus | hand |
| pes | foot |
| gratias tibi ago | thank you |
| sol lucet | The sun is shining |
| adsum | I am present |
| veni, vidi, vici | I came, I saw, I conquered |
| summa cum laude | with highest honor |
| per annum | each year |
| i.e. | that is |
| A.D. | anno domini |
| SPQR (Senatus Populusque Romanus) | The Senate and People of Rome |
