| A | B |
|---|
| protists | the category of eukaryotes that does not contain fungi, plants, or animals |
| phytoplankton | the plant-like, photosynthesizing protists that drift along the upper layers of bodies of water |
| zooplankton | the animal-like protists that drift along the upper layers of bodies of water getting their nutrients from other organisms |
| spores | structures that certain protists form to enable them to withstand conditions that would otherwise kill them |
| oral groove | an "excavated" area of a certain single-celled protists that is used to direct food to the pharynx |
| eyespot | a cluster of light sensitive cells that help direct photosynthesizing protists to sunlight |
| contractile vacuole | a structure inside certain single-celled protists, freshwater protists that pumps water out when the water pressure gets too high inside the cell |
| plasmolysis | the shrinking of a cell's cytoplasm due to water loss |
| cytolysis | the bursting of a cell due to a rupture in its plasma membrane |
| alveolus | a bag-like sac found under the cell membrane of most protists in subgroup alveolates |
| diatoms | unicellular stramenopiles with a cell wall made of silica |
| dinoflagellates | unicellular alveolates with a cell wall made of cellulose |
| genus Plasmodium | the genus of protists responsible for malaria |
| Paramecium | a ciliate with an oral groove, macronucleus, micronucleus, covered in cilia |
| Euglena | the protist from the supergroup Excavata with an eyespot, chloroplasts, two flagella, but no oral groove like others in its group |
| pseudopod | an extension of cytoplasm used by some cells to move or feed |
| radiolarians | Protists that have shell and have either radial or bilateral symmetry |
| alternation of generations | Reproduction involving two phases where haploid spores grow into a gameteophyte that produces gametes. The gametes combine to form a diploid sporophyte, which produces haploid spores to complete the cycle |
| gametophyte | individuals whose cells contain only haploid DNA |
| sporophyte | individuals that use meiosis to make haploid cells that are called spores |
| Amoeba | a protist that lacks a definite shape and uses pseudopods to move and capture prey |
| slime molds | protists that are part of supergroup Amoebozoa that live was either single cells or as aggregates of cells known as plasmodia |
| Plasmodium | an aggregate of diploid cells that have multiple nuclei |
| fragmentation | a form of reproduction in fungi where a cell breaks off and grows into a new fungus |
| mycology | the study of fungi |
| sporangium | a structure in fungi in which millions of asexual spores are produced by mitosis |
| plasmogamy phase | during the sexual phase of fungi reproductionwhen two cells in different hyphae join to make sexual spores |
| karyogamy phase | during the sexual phase of fungi reproduction two haploid nuclei fuse to make a diploid zygote |
| fruiting body | the portion of a fungus (which is usually above ground) that produces sexual spores |
| hyphae | long filaments of cells that make up the mycelium of fungi |
| mycelium | the main body of a fungus which is made up of haploid cells |
| chitin | a modified polysaccharide containing nitrogen that makes up the cell walls if fungi |
| septa | divisions between the cells of fungi |
| vegetative hyphae | hyphae that grow on the nutrient source like soil or fruit surface |
| aerial hyphae | hyphae that grow into the air |
| vegetative structures | groups of cells that are involved in metabolic structures in fungi |
| molds | multicellular fungal structure that contains hyphae that extend away from the mycelium |
| fleshy fungus | multicellular fungal structures made of many hyphae that are compact and form a thallus (body) |
| saprotroph | an organism that obtains nutrition from dead and decaying organic matter |
| zoospores | spores that have a flagella enabling them to swim to other locations |
| chytridiomycota | the group of fungi that produce zoospores |
| Penicillium | the genus of fungus from which the antibiotic penicillin was discovered |
| yeast | a single-celled sac fungus that does not have a sac (alveolus) |
| pasteurization | a heating process that reduces the level of microbes in a liquid to a safe level for consumption and storage |
| basidiocarp | the fruiting body of a club fungus that appears as a mushroom |
| club fungi | the group of fungi that form basidiocarps |
| shelf fungi | a type of club fungus that grows on decaying trees in layers shaped like fans |
| mutualism | two or more organisms living together in a relationship where they all benefit |
| parasitism | an organism living on or in another that serves as a host and harming the other |
| commensalism | two organisms living together in a relationship where one benefits and the host is neither helped nor harmed |
| lichen | a commensalism relationship between a fungus and a photosynthesizing bacteria or green algae |
| mycorrhiza | a commensalism relationship between a fungus and a root of a green plant |
| mycosis | a disease caused by pathogenic fungi |
| phyolgenetics | the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms |
