| A | B |
|---|
| states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
| solid | particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions |
| liquid | particles are close together but can slide past each other |
| gas | particles are far apart with very little interaction between them & move rapidly in all directions |
| surface tension | a liquid surface acting as if it were a stretched elastic membrane |
| viscosity | a liquid's resistance to flow |
| pressure | amount of force exerted on a given area; expressed in pascals (Pa) |
| Boyle's law | volume of a gas increases as its pressure decreases (for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature) |
| Charles's law | volume of a gas increases as its temperature increases (for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure) |
| plasma | composed of electrons and positively charged ions but not atoms |
| change of state | conversion of a substance from one physical form to another |
| endothermic | heat absorbed (as temperature lowers) |
| exothermic | heat released (as temperature rises) |
| freezing | change of state from a liquid to a solid |
| freezing point | temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid |
| melting | change of state from a solid to a liquid |
| melting point | temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
| boiling | vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid |
| boiling point | the temperature at which entire liquid becomes a gas - not just surface |
| evaporation | vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid when below boiling point |
| condensation | change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| condensation point | temperature at which a gas becomes a liquid |
| sublimation | change of state from a solid directly into a gas |
| infiltration | Water entering the soil from the ground surface |
| condensation | Energy removed from a gas and forms a liquid |
| Rain | RainOne example of precipitation |
| latent heat | Heat absorbed or released during phase change without changing temperature |
| advection | horizontal movement of water in the atmosphere |
| sublimation | direct conversion of ice into water vapor |
| runoff | water flowing over the land into rivers, lakes, or oceans |
| percolation | movement of water through soil into groundwater |
| transpiration | release of water vapor from plants into air |
| condensation | transformation of water vapor into liquid droplets |
| Evaporation | a liquid turns into a gas |
