| A | B |
|---|
| Gerrymandering | Purposefully drawing boundaries to guarantee voting wins in a district |
| Redistricting | The redrawing of voting districts following a census |
| Census | A count of the population every 10 years |
| Reapportionment | Determining how many representatives a state gets in government after a census |
| Packing | Drawing boundary lines that group similar people together |
| Cracking | Drawing boundary lines that breakup groups so they do not have as much influence or power |
| Federal States | Government systems where power is distributed between national and local levels |
| Unitary States | Government systems where the central government has power and tells local levels what to do |
| Central Government | This is the “National” level of government for the whole country |
| Subnational Level | This would be a district, province, or “state” within a country |
| Diffused Power | Power that is spread across levels |
| Centralized Power | Power that is all in one place |
| Positive Features of Federal Systems | Reduced conflict at local level; more voice |
| Positive Features of Unitary System | Promotes unity and is very efficient |
| Common Features of Countries with Federal System | Large land area; very diverse population (heterogenous) |
| Common Features of Countries with Unitary System | Smaller land area; very similar population (homogenous) |
| Negative Features of Federal System | Slow; overlapping of responsibilities |
| Negative Features of Unitary Systems | Not in touch with local levels; corruption & “dictator-like” (authoritarian) |
