| A | B |
|---|
| Homeostasis | State of equilibrium or balance |
| Pathophysiology | Study of illness in the human body |
| Etiology | Causative factors |
| Genetics | The study of the expression of traits passed on through generations |
| Gene | part of DNA that contains information about traits |
| Stronger allele. Will be expressed | Dominant |
| Weaker allele | Recessive |
| Autosomes | first 22 pairs of chromosomes |
| Sex Chromosome | 23rd pair of chromosome |
| Autosomal dominant disorders | Adult polycystic kidney disease; huntington; marfan syndrome |
| Autosomal recessive disorders | Cystic fibrosis; sickle cell anemia |
| X-linked dominant | Fragile X syndrome |
| X-linked recessive | Color blindness; duchenne muscular dystrophy; hemophilia A |
| Multifactorial disorders | Cleft lip/palate; clubfoot; congenital heart disease; DM 2 |
| Chromosomal disorders | Down syndrome; klinefelter; turner |
| Trisomy 21 | Down syndrome; extra copy of chromosome on the 21st pair |
| Down Syndrome Risk Factors | Increased maternal age |
| Down Syndrome Diagnostics | Chorionic villus sampling (CVS); Amniocentesis; Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS): |
| Down Syndrome Manifestations | Large protruding tongue; small hands; simian crease; cleft lip/palate; hernias; small head; flat nose and face; hypotonic muscles; narrowed ear canals |
