| A | B |
|---|
| Tolerance | Physiological change that occurs when the body is exposed to substances over extended time; Body trying to get same effects as the first time |
| Physical dependence | When the body continually has a substance, it is used to the affects of that substance; When it is no longer used the body experiences symptoms of not having it. |
| Substance use risk factors | Genetics; socio-economic status; trauma; family practices; stress; cultural acceptance |
| Opioids | Cause central nervous system (CNS) depression (respiratory depression) along with euphoria; Ex; morphine; fentanyl |
| Stimulants | Stimulate the CNS. Cause increased pulse & blood pressure. Give someone more energy or euphoria; Ex; cocaine |
| Hallucinogens | Cause hallucinations and feelings of euphoria. Can have limited medical purposes; Ex: LSD |
| Depressants | Depress CNS and increase disinhibition (loss of control or behavior). Alter consciousness, but do not dramatically impact vital signs; Ex: alcohol, Benzodiazepines |
| Pain | A symptom used by the body to inform us of potential dangers to homeostasis and health |
| Acute Pain | Pain pathway: myelinated A fibers; described as sharp, sudden, localized |
| Chronic pain | Pain pathway: unmyelinated C fibers; described as diffuse, dull, burining, aching |
| Somatic Pain | arises from stimulus in the skin, muscles, and joints |
| Visceral Pain | originates primarily in the organs (but not in the brain) |
| Referred Pain | Pain is perceived at a site distant from the source; Ex: left arm pain with a myocardial infarction |
| Phantom pain | Pain or sensation (itching/tingling) after an amputation; pain or sensation perceived in lost limb |
| Pain tolerance | the intensity of pain or amount of time the pain is present that a person can endure before seeking relief |
