| A | B |
|---|
| absolutism | a form of government with unlimited power held by one individual or a group |
| divine right | the belief that a ruler derived absolute athourity to govern directly from God |
| philip II | most powerful monarch in spanish history devout catholic tried to end Protestanitism son of Charles V and Isabella of portugal known as the prudent King he was cautious hardworking and suspicious of others built EL Escorial supported inquisition supported queen Elezabeth but then had to try to get rid of her he laid plans to invade england |
| Holy Roman emporer Charles V and Isabella of portugal | Philip II parents |
| El Escorial | Granite palace built by Philip II served as royal court, art gallery, monastery, and tomb for spanish royalty |
| Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile | married and officially united Spain but had no uniform system of government |
| Castile | Dominent spanish region most territory, largest population, and wealth phillip II made center of spain but other provinces resented the dominance of Castile and Argon revolted |
| Madrid | located in Castile became spanish capital |
| the Marranos | Jews who had converted to Christianity |
| the Moriscos | Muslims who had become Christians |
| Spanish Inquisition | supported by Phillip II uprooted and executed protestants very thourough however it caused moriscos to revolt but it was crushed |
| Dutch and Spain | when Philip II tried to impose catholicism on the dutch they rebelled and after a bloody war the dutch declared their independence but fighting continued England gave suport to dutch |
| Spain and England | early on Philip II suported Queen Elezabeth but when she helped dutch protestant rebels he decided that he had to rid himself of her to get back dutch so he laid plans to envade england |
| Spanish Armada | force of 130 ships and 33000 men fleet of war ships organized to carry out a mission used cresent formation at first england was unable to block it but the english had bigger better ships so they separeted the Armada forcing them to retreat 40 ships sank and about 15000 spanards died |
| Inflation | suffered by spanish after lose of Armada it is an abnormal increase in currency resulting in sharp price rises |
| Phillip II sucsessors | not prepaired to deal with spain's decline Philip III and Philip IV lacke his intelligence and interest in politics turned over most affairs to government of nobles |
| Philip IV | under him spain became involved in a series of conflicts involving germany and france also overburdened and overtaxed citizens began to rebel like portugal who spain finally recognized their independence |
| Charles II | Philip IV son last of spanish Hapsburgs became king at the age of 4 he had no children leaving no heir |
| Henry VII | the first Tudor monarch in England became king after war of roses helped rebuild commercial prosperity encouraged expansion of foriegn trade promoted the improved collection of taxes and careful government spending avoided war |
| Henry VIII | second tudor king of England most powerful tudor monarch fought wars to make england a great naval power married six times in persuit of a male heir broke with catholic church |
| Edward VI | Henry VIII son became king of england when he was 9 died 6 years later |
| Mary | Daughter of Henry VIII suceeded edward as queen of england Catholic married Philip II of spain restored Cathloicism and burned about 300 protistants involeve england in a war with France and lost port of Calais she died childless |
| Elizabeth I | Daughter of Henry VIII sucseeded her sister mary as queen of england she was shrewd highly educated and had a foceful personality her reign was one of englands great cultural periods she rufused to mary anyone she inherited a monarchy that was badly in debt however she spent lavishly on court cerimonies but nothing else and sold off royal land offices and monopolies to help but could become debtless even when she died |
| Gentry | Lesser nobles merchants lawyers and clergy middle english class |
| Yeomen | farmers and laborers lowest english class |
| Blanace of Power | the system in which each nation helps to keep peace and order by maintaining power that is equal or in balance with rival nations if one nation became more powerful then a third nation would alli with the les powerful nation |
| the Statute of Apprentices | declared work to be a social and moral duty it required people to live and work where they were born controlled the movement of labor fixed wages and regulated apprentaceships |
| the poor laws | made local areas responsible for their own homeless and unemployed |
| Mary Stuart | aka mary queen of scots was elezabeth's cousin queen of scotland but was forced to abdicate her position she fled to england where presence caused controversy she was accused of plotting with english and foreign catholics against elizabeth and finally elizabeth agreed to her execution but was hesitant |
| king james VI of scotland | son of mary queen of scots became new monarch of england after Elizabeth's death known as James I founded the stuart dynasty and united Scotland and england under one ruler |
