| A | B |
|---|
| Mutations | Any change in DNA of an organism which may affect a few cells or may be lethal. |
| Aneuploidy | When a gamete (egg or sperm cell) lacks chromosomes or have extra ones. |
| Nondisjunction | When a chromosome pair fails to seperate during meiosis during anaphase II |
| translocation | When 2 nonhomologous chromosomes swap genetic information. |
| deletion | When a chromosome segment breaks off and doesn't reattach. |
| inversion | When a segment of chromosome breaks off and reattaches inverted. |
| point mutation | When one or a few nucleotides get chaged during replication by substitution, addition or deletion. |
| frame shift | Then the whole genetic codon sequence is affected by either addition or deletion of one nucleotide. |
| meiosis | The formation of a reproductive cell by the reduction of chromosome number halfing the original chromosome number making a haploid cell from a diploid cell. |
