| A | B |
|---|
| Holy Roman Empire | Decentralized political unit made up of German states |
| Charles V | Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain plagued by Reformation, father of King Philip II of Spain |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists, in French Wars of Religion |
| Henry VIII | Tudor king of England who broke from Catholic Church because of concerns about succession |
| Act of Supremacy | Parliament declared ruler of England to be head of English Anglican Church |
| Schmalkaldic League | Alliance of German Lutheran princes who fought Charles V during Reformation |
| Peace of Augsburg | 1555 treaty that ended fighting between Habsburgs and Lutheran princes, each prince chose own religion for state |
| Protestants | collective name for Christian churches who broke from Catholic Church during Reformation |
| Martin Luther | German monk who became instigator of Protestant Reformation |
| 95 Theses | Luther's arguments that sparked Reformation |
| Johann Tetzel | indulgence selling friar who angered Luther |
| Indulgences | pardons for sins issued by Catholic Church |
| Pope Leo X | Catholic pope during Reformation |
| Zwingli | Swiss reformer who disagreed with Luther over Communion Eucharist |
| John Calvin | French protestant reformer who started Reformation in Geneva, set up theocracy, inspired Huguenots, Puritans, and Presbyterians |
| Institutes of Christian Religion | Calvin's book that explained his religious views on predestination and the elect |
| Predestination | Calvinist belief that the saved are chosen by God before they are born |
| Anabaptists | most radical religious group during Reformation, persecuted by Catholics and Protestants, favored social and political changes |
| Vernacular | the language of people of a country, ex. English, Spanish (not Latin) |
| Catholic Reformation | known to Protestants as Counter Reformation, attempt by Catholic Church to reform itself |
| Council of Trent | most important Catholic Church council during Catholic Reformation, sought to end abuses within church, did NOT change theology |
| Index of Forbidden Books | list put out by Council of Trent that outlawed reading of Protestant and many scientific texts during Catholic Reformation |
| Inquisition | Catholic church court proceedings that sought to root out heresy and Judaism in Catholic Europe |
| Jesuits (Society of Jesus) | most important new Catholic order of clergy established in response to Reformation, missionaries and schools |
| Ignatius of Loyola | founder of the Jesuits |
| Peasant's Revolt of 1524 | peasant rebellion inspired by desire for end of serfdom and by Reformation ideas, condemned by Luther and crushed by ruling classes |
| Catherine of Aragon | queen of England, mother of "bloody" Mary, her failure to give birth to a male heir led to English Reformation |
| politique | ruler who practiced religious toleration |
| Henry IV (of Navarre) | First Bourbon French king, Edict of Nantes, "Paris is worth a mass," politique who practiced toleration in France |
| 1517 | Luther writes 95 Theses, sparking Reformation |
| 1555 | Peace of Augsburg ends fighting between Charles V HRE and Lutheran princes |
| Elizabeth I | last Tudor monarch, defeated Spanish Armada, politique |
| Dutch Revolt | religious war that lasted 80 years and resulted in Netherlands independence from Spain |
| French Wars of Religion | religious war between Catholics and Huguenots, ended with the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV |
| 30 Years War | religious war between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, drew in Spain, Netherlands, Sweden, and France |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Chief minister of French government under Louis XIII, led France into 30 Years War against Habsburgs |
| Baroque Art | dramatic artistic style associated with the Catholic Reformation |
