| A | B |
|---|
| glaciers | a large body of ice that moves slowly across land |
| glaciation | the process by which glaciers form and spread |
| tectonic activity | plate within the earth that cause movement of earth's crust and volcanoes |
| permafrost | permanently frozen layers of soil in the tundra and subarctic zone |
| coniferous forest | a forest made up of trees that produce cones to hold seeds and have needles instead of leaves |
| precipitation | moisture that falls from the sky as rain, sleet, hail, snow or mist |
| tropics | areas that have generally warm temperatures because it receives direct rays of sun throughout the year |
| timberline | the elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow |
| climate | the weather in an area of a long period of time |
| biome | a large geographic area on Earth that is defined by its specific climate and the types of plants and animals that live there |
| penninsula | land with water on three sides |
| plateau | a broad, large, and mostly flat area of land that is significantly raised above the surrounding terrain |
| erode | to gradually wear away by water or wind |
| loess | a fine grain fertile soil deposited by the wind |
| dike | a large barrier built to keep out water |
| polder | the land reclaimed from building dikes and then draining the water from the land |
| fjord | a narrow U shaped coastal valley with steep sides formed by glaciers |
| chernozem | rich black top soil found in the Northern European plain especially in Russia and Ukraine |
| deciduous forest | a forest that has trees with leaves |
| boreal forest | the forest in the far northern regions of the earth |
