| A | B |
|---|
| absolute monarch | King or Queen with complete control |
| divine right | idea that a ruler receives the right to rule from God |
| Philip II | Spanish king who took control of Portugal but failed in his invasion of England |
| Who was Philip II? | Absolute Monarch of Spain who gained Portugal, but failed to gain England |
| Who were some of the artists and writers of Spain’s golden age? | artists = velasquez (pride in Monarchy, El Greco (religious faith), writer = Cervantez (Don Quixote) |
| Why did Spain lose its power? | new wealth led to inflation, unfair taxes kept poor poor, bought from other countries, borrow money for wars |
| Give 2 reasons for the success of Dutch trading. | religious tolerance, largest fleet of merchant ships, bankers, government stability |
| What did the absolute monarch believe? | they were the holder of all the power because of divine right |
| Edict of Nantes | order that gave Huguenots the right to live in peace in Catholic France |
| skepticism | belief that nothing could be known for certain |
| Louis XiV | French King who was an absolute ruler and gave power to intendants |
| Intendant | Official of the French government |
| legacy | what people remember about you and the things you leave behind for others |
| How did the monarchy get stronger in France? | no city walls, tear down nobles castles, middle class in government |
| How did Louis XIV make sure he kept his power? | kept nobles out of government, more power to intendants, buy French, settle in colonies |
| How did Louis XIV bring disaster to France? | debt from life of luxury and wars (lost colonies to England) |
| Thirty Years' War | Conflict over religion, territory, and power among European ruling families |
| Maria Theresa | Empress of Austria whose main enemy was Prussia |
| Frederick the Great | leader of Prussia who sought to increase his territory |
| Seven Years' War | Conflict from 1756 to 1763 in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, Russia, and other countries |
| What were the results of the Thirty Years' War | 4 million dead, economy in ruin, ended religious wars in Europe |
| Who were the Hapsburgs? | family that ruled Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria |
| What effect did fighting between Austria and Prussia have on Britain? | Austria abandoned Britain, Prussia Joined Britain, Britain gained economic domination ofIndia |
| Ivan the Terrible | Ruler who added lands to Russia, gave it a code of laws, and also used his secret police to execute "traitors" |
| Peter the Great | Important leader of Russia who started westernization |
| westernization | use of Western Europe of a model of change |
| boyar | Russian Noble who owned land |
| What good and bad did Ivan the Terrible do? | g= added lands/code of laws b=secret police to hunt enemies/murdered his own son |
| Why did Peter the Great visit Europe? | traveled to Europe to learn about new technologies and ways of working |
| How did Peter the Great increase his power? | put church under his control, reduced the power of nobles, bigger and better army, westernized Russia |
| Oliver Cromwell | Leader of the Puritans |
| Restoration | period after the monarchy was restored in England |
| habeas corpus | law giving prisoners the right to obtain a document saying that the prisoner cannot go to jail without being brought before a judge |
| Glorious Revolution | Bloodless overthrow of King James II |
| constitutional monarchy | government in which laws limit the monarch's power |
| cabinet | a group of government ministers that was a link between the monarch and parliament |
| How did Charles I make Parliament angry? | dissolved parliament and tried to raise money without it |
| What happened as a result of the English Civil War? | 1st time king was put on public trial and executed |
| Why did the Glorious Revolution take place? | fear of Catholicism |
| What three changes gave Parliament more power in England? | Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy, and cabinet |
