| A | B |
|---|
| Hasty Generalization | "My grandfather smoked every day and lived to 90, so smoking can't really be that unhealthy." |
| Slippery Slope | If we let the children stay up an extra hour, they will soon believe they can do whatever they want, and chaos will take over the household. |
| Ad hominem--Abusive | My opponent's plan for the city is ridiculous; he’s a known liar and terrible public speaker. |
| Ad hominem--Circumstantial (self-interest) | Of course the doctor says the surgery is necessary; he’s trying to pay off his new boat. |
| Ad hominem--Circumstantial (tu quo que) | Parent: "Smoking is bad for you; you should quit." Child: "Why should I listen to you? You smoke too!" |
| Ad hominem--Circumstantial (hypocrisy) | "Don't listen to his ideas on the economy; he filed for bankruptcy last year." |
| Ad hominem--Circumstantial (guilt by association) | Mark’s proposal for the budget is similar to the ideas pushed by a rival, discredited company, so we should reject it. |
| Post hoc ergo propter hoc | I started carrying an umbrella, and it hasn't rained since. My umbrella keeps the rain away. |
| Appeal to ignorance | "No one has ever proven that ghosts don't exist, therefore they must be real." |
| Straw Man fallacy | . A: "We should spend less on military funding." B: "My opponent wants to leave our country defenseless against all enemies." |
| Red herring | "The company needs to address its rising safety violations." B: "But look at all the charity work we did last quarter!" |
| Appeal to inappropriate authority | "My favorite celebrity says this new diet is the best, so it must be effective." |
| Appeal to force | Parent to Child: "You must believe that the earth is flat because if you don't, you're grounded." |
| Appeal to emotion--fear | "Vote for my plan, or the entire economy will collapse and your children will starve." |
| Appeal to emotion--pity | "You must give me an 'A' on this paper. If I fail, I'll lose my scholarship and have to drop out of school." |
| Appeal to emotion--flattery | Politician: "You are clearly too intelligent to fall for my opponent's weak platform." |
| Appeal to emotion--bandwagon | "Everyone is buying the new 'Z-Brand' smartphone, so it must be the best phone on the market." |
