| A | B |
|---|
| bias | a disproportionate weight in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way that is considered to be unfair or not based on evidence. |
| cognitive bias | a specific type of bias related to a systematic error in thinking caused by the brain's shortcuts |
| implicit bias | a specific type of bias that includes both cognitive and other bias that operates without conscious control |
| unconscious bias | Same as implicit bias |
| confirmation bias | the tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values |
| how to decrease bias | be aware of your biases, challenge assumptions, seek out diverse perspectives |
| one obstacle to critical thinking | biases |
| prejudice | a specific type of bias that involves an unfavorable and often intolerant preconceived opinion about a person or group, typically based on insufficient facts |
| The word "implicit" is the opposite of this word | Explicit---meaning clear and obvious (definitely not unconcsious) |
| biased attention | this aspect of confirmation bias is when we selectively focus on information that confirms our views while ignoring or discounting data that doesn't |
| biased interpretation | this aspect of confirmation bias is when we consciously interpret information in a way that confirms our beliefs |
| biased memory | is when we selectively remember information that supports our views while forgetting or discounting information that doesn't |
| John thinks X is better than Y and avoids reading articles about the benefits of Y | An example of confirmation bias----biased attention type |
| John thinks X is better than Y and concludes that an article praising Y is completely incorrect | An example of confirmation bias----biased interpretation type |
| John thinks X is better than Y and can't remember the good things he heard about Y last week | An example of confirmation bias----biased memory type |
| In writing a research paper, critical thinking is not taking place if confirmation bias interferes | True |
| True | Researching all sides to a question is important for avoiding confirmation bias |
| To decrease confirmation bias in research | seek out information that is contrary to your own viewpoint |
