| A | B |
|---|
| Old Regime | social and political system in France before the French revolution |
| estate | 1 of 3 classes in France before the French Revolution |
| Louis XVI | French King whose spending and weak leadership led to the French Revolution |
| Marie Antionette | Unpopular Queen who gambled and spent money (rumored to say "Let them eat cake" |
| Estates-General | Assembly of Representatives from all three estates (1 vote each) |
| National Assembly | French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate to pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people |
| Tennis Court Oath | Promise made by Third Estate representatives to stay until they drew up a new constitution |
| Great Fear | wave of senseless panic caused by wild rumors (led to destruction of Nobles property) |
| What were the 3 classes of French Society (who was in each on)? | 1st Roman Catholic Clergy. 2nd Nobles, 3rd merchants, skilled workers, peasants, cityworkers |
| What 3 factors led to the French Revolution? | Enlightenment spread ideo of equality, French economy was failing/high taxes, Louis XVI weak/wife unpopular |
| Why did the National Assembly form? | 3rd Estate wanted more votes/broke away |
| What happened during the Great Fear? | wave of violence (peasants burning nobles' houses, tore up documents etc.) |
| Legislative Assembly | Congress created by the National Assembly (3rd estate) to enact laws and reforms |
| emigres | nobles and others who left France during the peasant uprisings and who hoped to come back to restore the Old Regime |
| sans-culottes | Parisian workers and shopkeepers who wanted the revolution to bring greater change |
| guillotine | execution device created by a doctor to be "efficient, human, and democratic" |
| Maximillien Robespierre | revolutionary leader who tried to wipe out every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility |
| Reign of Terror | period of extreme violence under Robespierre during which 1000s were executed |
| Jacobins | radical political organization that called for the death of those who supported the king |
| What new laws came into being (under the National Assembly)? | ended special rights for 1st and 2nd Estate, all french men equal rights, state power over church |
| In what ways did the emigres and sans-culottes have opposite goals? | emigres wanted to end changes and king backsans-culottes wanted greater changes |
| What happened to the king (Louis the XVI) under the Jacobins? | declared a common citizen, put on trial, convicted, and guillotined |
| Where did the Reign of Terror lead (government)? | a new less revolutionary plan of government |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | military leader who seized power in France and made himself emperor |
| coup d etat | a sudden takeover of a government |
| plebiscite | vote by the people |
| lycee | government-run public school |
| Napoleonic Code | complete set of laws set up by Napoleon that eliminated many injustices, but limited rights |
| concordat | agreement (between Pope and government) |
| Battle of Trafalgar | British defeat of Napoleon's forces at sea (ended Napoleon's hope of invading Britain |
| How did Napoleon get control of the government? | he seized power (coup d etat) |
| What changes did Napoleon make? | improved tax collection, removed dishonest officials, started new public schools for ordinary citizens, returned some power to the church, new set of laws |
| Where did Napoleon succeed in adding lands, and where did he fail? | S= Austria, Netherlands, parts of Italy and Switzerland, F= New World lands and Britain |
| blockade | Forced closing of ports (to prevent traffic from entering or leaving) |
| Continental System | Napoleon's policy of preventing trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations |
| guerrilla | loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops |
| Peninsular War | War that Napoleon (France) fought in Spain |
| scorched-earth policy | burning fields and slaughtering livestock so that enemy troops would find nothing to eat |
| Waterloo | Battle in Belgium that was Napoleon's final defeat |
| Hundred Days | Napoleon's last bid for power, which ended at waterloo |
| What happened to Napoleon in Russia? | invaded Russia and reached Moscow scortched-earth policy left 10,000 of 400, 000 soldiers able to fight |
| What was Napoleon's last attempt at power, and where did it end? | Hundred Days, ended at Waterloo |
| Congress of Vienna | Meetings in Vienna for the purpose of restoring order to Europe and creating a long lasting peace |
| Klemens con Metternich | Key leader at the Congress of Vienna (he distrusted democracy and wanted to restore monarchs) |
| balance of power | Condition in which no one country becomes powerful enough to be a threat to the others |
| legitimacy | Bringing back to power the kings that Napoleon had driven out |
| Holy Alliance | lLeague of Christian European countries that pledged to fight revolutions together (formed by Russia, Austria, and Prussia) |
| Concert of Europe | Series of alliances to help prevent revolutions in Europe |
| What 3 goals did Metternich have? | containment of France, Legitimacy, and Balance of Power |
| What happened to ideas about freedom and independence in Europe? | conservatives held power and did not encourage individual liberties or equal rights |
