| A | B |
|---|
| cardiovascular system | a network of organs and blood vessels, including the heart and blood vessels like arteries, veins, and capillaries, that work together to pump and transport blood throughout the body |
| atria | the two top chambers of the heart |
| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart |
| plasma | the fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended |
| red blood cells | a type of blood cell produced in the bone marrow that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs |
| hemoglobin | the oxygen-carrying protein in blood |
| white blood cells | blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue that protects the body from infection |
| platelets | types of cells in the blood that cause blood clots to form |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| capillaries | small vessels that carry blood to and from all tissues of the body |
| veins | blood vessels that return blood to the heart |
| lymph | the clear fluid that fills the spaces around body cells |
| pathogen | an organism that causes disease |
| blood pressure | a measure of the amount of force on the walls of blood vessels as blood is pumped through the body |
| lymph nodes | small bean-shaped organs found in the lymph vessels |
| respiratory system | provides oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the body |
| diaphragm | a muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity |
| external respiration | oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood |
| internal respiration | oxygen moves from the blood into the cells |
| epiglottis | a flap of tissue that closes over the trachea when you swallow |
| trachea | the windpipe |
| bronchi | the two main airways that branch off the trachea into each lung |
| pharynx | throat |
| larynx | voice box |
| digestive system | provides nutrients and energy for your body through the digestion of food |
| salivary glands | produce digestive juices |
| digestion | the breakdown of foods for use by the body's cells |
| absorption | the passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular system |
| elimination | the removal of body wastes |
| mastication | the process of chewing food |
| large intestine | aka the colon; absorbs water, vitamins, and salts as well as eliminates waste from the body |
| peristalsis | the process in which food is moved through the esophagus, stomach, and intestine by a series of muscle contractions |
| gastric juices | secretions from the stomach lining that contain hydrochloric acid and pepsin |
| pancreas | the large gland behind the stomach that produces enzymes that break down the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food |
| liver | an organ in the abdomen that that filters the blood, detoxifies substances, and produces bile, which helps with digestion |
| gallbladder | a small organ that stores bile |
| small intestine | a long, narrow tube in the digestive system that absorbs most of the nutrients from food. It connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where most digestion occurs |
| excretory system | a system of organs that removes metabolic wastes, toxins, and excess water from the body |
| urethra | the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body |
| nephrons | tiny fictional units of the kidneys that filter out waste products from the blood |
| ureters | tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder |
| hemodialysis | a technique in which an artificial kidney machine removes waste products from the blood |
| cystitis | an inflammation of the bladder |
| urethritis | an inflammation of the urethra |
