| A | B |
|---|
| Old Regime | social and political system in France before the French revolution |
| estate | 1 of 3 classes in France before the French Revolution |
| Louis XVI | French King whose spending and weak leadership led to the French Revolution |
| Marie Antionette | Unpopular Queen who gambled and spent money (rumored to say "Let them eat cake" |
| Estates-General | Assembly of Representatives from all three estates (1 vote each) |
| National Assembly | French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate to pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people |
| Tennis Court Oath | Promise made by Third Estate representatives to stay until they drew up a new constitution |
| Great Fear | wave of senseless panic caused by wild rumors (led to destruction of Nobles property) |
| Legislative Assembly | Congress created by the National Assembly (3rd estate) to enact laws and reforms |
| emigres | nobles and others who left France during the peasant uprisings and who hoped to come back to restore the Old Regime |
| sans-culottes | Parisian workers and shopkeepers who wanted the revolution to bring greater change |
| guillotine | execution device created by a doctor to be "efficient, human, and democratic" |
| Maximillien Robespierre | revolutionary leader who tried to wipe out every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility |
| Reign of Terror | period of extreme violence under Robespierre during which 1000s were executed |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | military leader who seized power in France and made himself emperor |
| coup detat | a sudden takeover of a government |
| plebiscite | vote by the people |
| lycee | government-run public school |
| Napoleonic Code | complete set of laws set up by Napoleon that eliminated many injustices, but limited rights |
| concordat | agreement (between Pope and government) |
| Battle of Trafalgar | British defeat of Napoleon's forces at sea (ended Napoleon's hope of invading Britain |
| blockade | Forced closing of ports (to prevent traffic from entering or leaving) |
| Continental System | Napoleon's policy of preventing trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations |
| guerrilla | loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops |
| Peninsular War | War that Napoleon (France) fought in Spain |
| scorched-earth policy | buring fields and slaughtering livestock so that enemy troops would find nothing to eat |
| Waterloo | Battle in Belgium that was Napoleon's final defeat |
| Hundred Days | Napoleon's last bid for power, which ended at waterloo |
| Congress of Vienna | Meetings in Vienna for the purpose of restoring order to Europe and creating a long lasting peace |
| Klemens con Metternich | Key leader at the Congress of Vienna (he distrusted democracy and wanted to restore monarchs) |
| balance of power | Condition in which no one country becomes powerful enough to be a threat to the others |
| legitimacy | Bringing back to power the kings that Napoleon had driven out |
| Holy Alliance | lLeague of Christian European countries that pledged to fight revolutions together (formed by Russia, Austria, and Prussia) |
| Concert of Europe | Series of alliances to help prevent revolutions in Europe |
| Jacobins | radical political organization that called for the death of those who supported the king |
