| A | B |
|---|
| absolutism | system of government with no limits on the power of the government |
| constitutionalism | system of government that limits the power of government through laws, traditions, customs, and formal documents |
| Bourbon dynasty | ruled France in 1600's and 1700's |
| Louis XIV | absolute ruler of France |
| Fronde | uprising of nobles in France opposed to absoute rule |
| parlements | courts in France run by nobles around country |
| Versailles | palace built by Louis XIV to control nobles |
| bureaucracy | government agencies |
| intendants | French government officials who implemented royal policies |
| Prussia | German state with capital at Berlin |
| Hohenzollern dynasty | ruled Prussia |
| Junkers | Prussian nobles |
| serfs | unfree peasants |
| Frederick William the Great Elector | Prussian ruler who established strong state |
| Habsburg dynasty | ruled Austria |
| Romanov dynasty | ruled Russia |
| Stuart dynasty | ruled England during 1600's |
| James I | first Stuart ruler, believed in divine right |
| Charles I | English ruler executed in English Civil War |
| English Civil War | conflict in England between king and Parliament |
| ship money | taxes on coastal cities that were applied to inland cities by Charles I |
| Parliament | House of Commons, House of Lords |
| Cavaliers | nobles who supported Charles I in Civil War |
| Roundheads | Puritan/Parliamentary forces who opposed Charles I in Civil War |
| Oliver Cromwell | led New Model Army in Civil War, became dictator of England |
| Charles II | restoration king of England after Cromwell |
| James II | King of England expelled after Glorious Revolution |
| Glorious Revolution | 1688 bloodless revolt that overthrew James II |
| William and Mary | became rulers of England after Glorious Revolution |
| English Bill of Rights | secured power of Parliament after Glorious Revolution |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists |
| Revocation of Edict of Nantes | Louis XIV's action to force religious uniformity |
| divine right theory | idea that God put rulers on throne |
| social contract theory | idea that governments are established by agreements between rulers and ruled |
| Hobbes | wrote Leviathan, argued for absolutism |
| Locke | wrote Two Treatises on government, argued for constitutionalism |
| Peter the Great | Russian tsar (emperor) who westernized and modernized Russia to make it a European focused country |
| Colbert | French economic minister under Louis XIV, promoted mercantilism |
| mercantilism | economic policy that promoted tariffs, subsidies, and colonies |
| Amsterdam | financial capital of Europe in 1600's |
