| A | B |
|---|
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles of a substance |
| thermal energy | the total energy of all the particles in a substance |
| heat | the movement of thermal energy from high to low thermal energy |
| potential energy | energy that is stored or held in readiness |
| kinetic energy | energy that an object has due to its motion |
| Fahrenheit | the temperature scale in which the intervals between the freezing and poiling point of water is divided into 180 equal parts |
| Celsius | the temperature scale that uses zero (0) to represent the freezing point of water and 100 to represent the boiling point of water |
| Kelvin | the temperature scale on which zero is the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter |
| absolute zero | the temperature at which all internal particle motion stops |
| conduction | transfer of heat through direct contact |
| convection | transfer of heat through the rising of warm liquid/gas and the sinnking of cool liquid/gas |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves; does not require movement through matter |
| specific heat | the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of a specific amount of a substance by one degree. |
| conductor | a material that allows thermal energy to be transferred easily |
| insulator | a material that does not allow thermal energy to be trasferred easily |
| solid | state of matter with a definite shape and volume |
| liquid | state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape |
| gas | state of matter with no defined shape or volume; expands to fill a given space |
| melting | an increase in thermal energy to change a solid to a liquid |
| freezing | a decrease in thermal energy to change a liquid to a solid |
| vaporization | an increase in thermal energy to change a liquid to a gas |
| condensation | a decrease in thermal energy to change a gas to a liquid |
| thermal expansion | the expansion of matter as it is heated |
| melting point of water | 0 degrees Celsius/32 degrees Fahrenheit |
| boiling point of water | 100 degrees Celsius/212 degrees Fahrenheit |
