| A | B |
|---|
| first stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development | a person does what is right in order to avoid getting punished for doing the wrong thing or to seek personal reward |
| second stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development | a person does what is right to please others; relationships matter |
| third stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development | at first a person aims for rule utilitarian goals but at the highest level, aims to carry out (Kant-like) principles according to dictates of conscience |
| Kohlberg maintained that ________attained a lower level of moral development than males | females |
| In ethics emphasizing justice, reasoning is dominant; with ethics of __________there is more of an emphasis on compassion | care |
| Annette Baier says that the ethics of care and ethics of justice should be in ____________ | harmony |
| ethics of care alone | can be wrong-headed without using rational principles |
| ethics of justice alone | can be wrong-headed when rational principles leave out elements of our humanity involving compassion |
| Kant's provides the respect principle (2nd formulation of the categorical imperative)... | but the ethics of care can assist in telling us how to respect since care involves compassion and sensitivity |
| A nurse can rationally know that he or she must respect a patient... | but the ethics of care through compassion allows her to smile, greet the patient warmly, use a pleasant tone of voice, etc. |
| Two people can both "care" about a suffering friend... | and have opposite opinions about whether assisted suicide is ethical---which shows that rational arguments in ethics are needed to determine what is right and what is wrong |
| "Caring" is more about feeling... | and thus one can't have arguments about "caring," as such; reason and logic determine what is the best method of "caring." |
| The rational way to treat a human being... | is also the caring way, and vice versa |
| To mistreat or not care about a human being by not being sensitive toward their needs | is also not rational because rationally we can determine that human beings deserve to be respected simply because they are human |
| 1st step in decision-making for ethics of care | Consider action to be taken. |
| 2nd step in decision-making for ethics of care | Determine whether action is a virtuous response (e.g. in line with compassion, gentleness, etc.) to the needs of others, especially those who are dependent on us. |
| 3rd step in decision-making for ethics of care | Determine whether what is considered the virtuous action is also in line with reason. |
| 4rth step in decision-making for ethics of care | If the action is both caring and rational, it is ethically permitted and possibly obligatory. |
